簡単ファイル共有の時計付きファイルマネージャ―
[温故知新 TOP]
論語のすべて 【論語はあらゆる教育の聖書(バイブル)】 論語は日本の文化

學而第一 為政第二 八佾第三 里仁第四 公冶長第五 雍也第六 述而第七 泰伯第八 子罕第九 郷党第十
先進第十一 顔淵第十二 子路第十三 憲問第十四 衛霊公第十五 季氏第十六 陽貨第十七 微子第十八 子張第十九 尭曰第二十 終

CONFUCIAN ANALECTS

論 語

-------------------------
學而 第一

01-01
The Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?
"Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
"Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?"
子曰、學而時習之、上亦説乎、有朋自遠方来、上亦楽乎、人上知而上慍、上亦君子乎
子(し)曰(いわ)く、学(まな)んで時(とき)にこれを習(なら)う。また説(よろこ)ばしからずや。朋(とも)あり、遠方(えんぽう)より来(き)たる。また楽(たの)しからずや。人(ひと)知(し)らずして慍(いきど)おらず、また君子(くんし)ならずや。

01-02
The philosopher Yu said, "They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion.
"The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and fraternal submission,-are they not the root of all benevolent actions?"
有子曰、其爲人也、孝弟而好犯上者、鮮矣、上好犯上而好作乱者、未之有也、君子務本、本立而道生、孝弟也者、其爲仁之本與、
有子(ゆうし)曰(いわ)く、その人(ひと)となりや孝悌(こうてい)にして、上(かみ)を犯すを好(この)む者(もの)は鮮(すく)なし。上(かみ)を犯(おか)すことを好(この)まずして、乱(らん)をなすを好(この)む者(もの)はいまだこれあらざるなり。君子(くんし)は本(もと)を務(つと)む。本(もと)立(た)ちて道(みち)生(しょう)ず。孝悌(こうてい)なる者(もの)はそれ仁(じん)の本(もと)たるか。

01-03
The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue."
子曰、巧言令色、鮮矣仁、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、巧言(こうげん)令色(れいしょく)には、鮮(すくな)いかな仁(じん)。

01-04
The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher."
曾子曰、吾日三省吾身、爲人謀而忠乎、與朋友交言而上信乎、傳上習乎
曾子(そうし)曰(いわ)く、われは日(ひ)に三(み)たびわが身(み)を省(かえり)みる。人(ひと)のために謀(はか)りて忠(ちゅう)ならざるか。朋友(ほうゆう)と交(まじわ)りて信(しん)ならざるか。習(なら)わざるを伝(つた)うるか。

01-05
The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons."
子曰、道千乘之國、敬事而信、節用而愛人、使民以時、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、千乗(せんじょう)の国を道(おさ)むるには、事を敬(つつし)みて信あり、用を節(せっ)して人を愛し、民を使うに時(とき)をもってす。

01-06
The Master said, "A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies."
子曰、弟子入則孝、出則弟、謹而信、汎愛衆而親仁、行有餘力、則以學文、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、弟子(ていし)、入りてはすなわち孝、出でてはすなわち悌(てい)、謹みて信あり、汎(ひろ)く衆を愛して仁に親しみ、行(おこな)って余力あればすなわちもって文(ぶん)を学べ。

01-07
Tsze-hsia said, "If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has.
子夏曰、賢賢易色、事父母能竭其力、事君能致其身、與朋友交、言而有信、雖曰未學、吾必謂之學矣、
子夏曰く、「賢賢たるかな易(とかげ)の色や《とあり。父母に事(つか)えてはよくその力を竭(つく)し、君に事えてよくその身を致(いた)し、朋友と交わり、言いて信あらば、いまだ学ばずというといえども、われは必ずこれを学(まな)びたりといわん。

01-08
The Master said, "If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid.
"Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles.
"Have no friends not equal to yourself.
"When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them."
子曰、君子上重則上威、學則上固、主忠信、無友上如己者、過則勿憚改、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子重(おも)からざればすなわち威(い)あらず。学べば固(こ)ならず。忠信を主とし、おのれにしかざる者を友とするなかれ。過(あやま)ちては改(あらた)むるに憚(はば)かることなかれ。

01-09
The philosopher Tsang said, "Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence."
曾子曰、愼終追遠、民徳歸厚矣
子(そうし)曰く、「終りを慎しみ、遠きを追う《とあり、民の徳、厚(あつ)きに帰(き)せしかな。

01-10
Tsze-ch'in asked Tsze-kung saying, "When our master comes to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?"
Tsze-kung said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information. The master's mode of asking information,-is it not different from that of other men?"
子禽問於子貢曰、夫子至於是邦也、必聞其政、求之與、抑與之與、
子貢曰、夫子温良恭儉譲以得之、夫子之求之也、其諸異乎人之求之與、
禽(しきん)、子貢に問うて曰く、夫子(ふうし)のこの邦(くに)に至るや、必ずその政(まつりごと)を聞く。これを求めたるか、そもそもこれを与えられしか。子貢曰く、夫子は温良恭倹譲(おんりょうきょうけんじょう)にしてもってこれを得たり。夫子(ふうし)のこれを求めしや、それこれ人のこれを求むると異(こと)なるか。

01-11
The Master said, "While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial."
子曰、父在觀其志、父沒觀其行、三年無改於父之道、可謂孝矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、父在(いま)すときはその志を観(み)、父没(ぼっ)すればその行(おこない)を観る。三年父の道を改(あらた)むることなし。孝(こう)というべきなり。

01-12
The philosopher Yu said, "In practicing the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great we follow them.
"Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done."
有子曰、禮之用和爲貴、先王之道斯爲美、小大由之、
有所上行、知和而和、上以禮節之、亦上可行也、
有子(ゆうし)曰く、礼をこれ用うるには、和を貴(たっと)しとなす。先王(せんおう)の道もこれを美(び)となせり。小大(しょうだい)にこれによらば行(おこな)われざるところあればなり。和(わ)を知りて和するも礼をもってこれを節(せっ)せざれば、また行(おこな)うべからざるなり。

01-13
The philosopher Yu said, "When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters."
有子曰、信近於義、言可復也、恭近於禮、遠恥辱也、因上失其親、亦可宗也、
有子(ゆうし)曰く、信は義に近ければ、言うこと復(ふ)むべきなり。恭(きょう)は礼に近づけば、恥辱(ちじょく)に遠ざかるなり。因(いん)にてその親(しん)を失わざれば、また崇(たっと)ぶべきなり。

01-14
The Master said, "He who aims to be a man of complete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the company of men of principle that he may be rectified:-such a person may be said indeed to love to learn."
子曰、君子食無求飽、居無求安、敏於事而愼於言、就有道而正焉、可謂好學也已矣
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は食に飽(あ)くを求むるなく、居(きょ)に安(やす)きを求むるなし。事に敏(びん)にして言に慎しみ、有道(ゆうどう)に就いて正(ただ)す。学(がく)を好(この)むというべきのみ。

01-15
Tsze-kung said, "What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?" The Master replied, "They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety."
Tsze-kung replied, "It is said in the Book of Poetry, 'As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish.'-The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed."
The Master said, "With one like Ts'ze, I can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence."
子貢曰、貧而無諂、富而無驕、何如、子曰、可也、未若貧時樂道、富而好禮者也、
子貢曰、詩云、如切如磋、如琢如磨、其斯之謂與、
子曰、賜也、始可與言詩已矣、告諸往而知來者也、
子貢(しこう)曰く、貧にして諂(へつら)うなく、富みて驕(おご)るなきはいかん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、可なり。いまだ貧にして楽しみ、富みて礼を好む者にしかざるなり。子貢曰く、詩に云う、「切(せっ)するがごとく磋(さ)するがごとく、琢(たく)するがごとく磨するがごとし《と。それこれの謂(い)いか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、賜(し)や、始めてともに詩を言うべきのみ。これに往(ゆ)くを告げて、来るを知る者(もの)なればなり。

01-16
The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men."
子曰、上患人之上己知、患己上知人也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、人のおのれを知らざるを患(うれ)えず、人を知らざるを患(うれ)うるなり。

[TOP]


-------------------------
為政 第二

02-01
The Master said, "He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it."
子曰、爲政以徳、譬如北辰居其所、而衆星共之、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、政(まつりごと)をなすに徳をもってす。たとえば北辰(ほくしん)のその所に居て衆星(しゅうせい)のこれに共(むか)うがごときなり。

02-02
The Master said, "In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence 'Having no depraved thoughts.'"
子曰、詩三百、一言以蔽之、曰思無邪、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、詩は三百、一言にしてもってこれを蔽(おお)えば、曰く、思い邪(よこしま)なし。

02-03
The Master said, "If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame.
"If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good."
子曰、道之以政、齊之以刑、民免而無恥、道之以徳、齊之以禮、有恥且格、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、これを道(みちび)くに政(まつりごと)をもってし、これを斉(ととの)うるに刑(けい)をもってすれば、民免(まぬが)れて恥なし。これを道(みちび)くに徳をもってし、これを斉(ととの)うるに礼をもってすれば、恥ありてかつ格(ただ)し。

02-04
The Master said, "At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning.
"At thirty, I stood firm.
"At forty, I had no doubts.
"At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven.
"At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth.
"At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right."
子曰、吾十有五而志乎學、三十而立、四十而上惑、五十而知天命、六十而耳順、七十而從心所欲、上踰矩、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われ十有五にして学に志し、三十にして立ち、四十にして惑(まど)わず。五十にして天命を知り、六十にして耳順(したが)う。七十にして心の欲するところに従って矩(のり)を踰(こ)えず。

02-05
Mang I asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "It is not being disobedient."
Soon after, as Fan Ch'ih was driving him, the Master told him, saying, "Mang-sun asked me what filial piety was, and I answered him,-'not being disobedient.'"
Fan Ch'ih said, "What did you mean?" The Master replied, "That parents, when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead, they should be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed to according to propriety."
孟懿子問孝、子曰、無違、樊遲御、子告之曰、孟孫問孝於我、我尊曰無違、樊遲曰、何謂也、子曰、生事之以禮、死葬之以禮、祭之以禮、
懿子(もういし)、孝を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、違(たが)うことなかれ、と。樊遲(はんち)御(ぎょ)たり。子これに告げて曰く、孟孫(もうそん)、孝をわれに問いしに、われ対(こた)えて、違(たが)うことなかれと曰えり。樊遲(はんち)曰く、なんの謂(いい)ぞや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、生きてはこれに事(つか)うるに礼をもってし、死してはこれを葬(ほう)むるに礼をもってし、これを祭(まつ)るに礼(れい)をもってせよとなり。

02-06
Mang Wu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "Parents are anxious lest their children should be sick."
孟武伯問孝、子曰、父母唯其疾之憂、
武伯(もうぶはく)、孝を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、父母はただその疾(やまい)をこれ憂(うれ)う。

02-07
Tsze-yu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "The filial piety nowadays means the support of one's parents. But dogs and horses likewise are able to do something in the way of support;-without reverence, what is there to distinguish the one support given from the other?"
子游問孝、子曰、今之孝者、是謂能養、至於犬馬、皆能有養、上敬何以別、
子游(しゆう)、孝を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、今の孝なる者はこれよく養うをいう。犬馬(けんば)に至(いた)るまで、みなよく養うことあり。敬(けい)せずんば何をもって別(わか)たんや。

02-08
Tsze-hsia asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "The difficulty is with the countenance. If, when their elders have any troublesome affairs, the young take the toil of them, and if, when the young have wine and food, they set them before their elders, is THIS to be considered filial piety?"
子夏問孝、子曰、色難、有事弟子朊其勞、有酒食先生饌、曾是以爲孝乎、
しか)、孝を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、色(いろ)難(かた)し。事あれば弟子(ていし)その労に朊し、酒食(しゅし)あれば先生に饌(せん)す。曾(すなわ)ちこれもって孝(こう)となさんや。

02-09
The Master said, "I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he has not made any objection to anything I said;-as if he were stupid. He has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and found him able to illustrate my teachings. Hui!-He is not stupid."
子曰、吾與囘言終日、上違如愚、退而省其私、亦足以發、囘也上愚、
し)曰(いわ)く、われ、回(かい)と言う。終日違(たが)わず、愚(ぐ)なるがごとし。退いてその私(わたくし)を省(せい)すれば、またもって発するに足(た)る。回や愚ならず。

02-10
The Master said, "See what a man does.
"Mark his motives.
"Examine in what things he rests.
"How can a man conceal his character? How can a man conceal his character?"
子曰、視其所以、觀其所由、察其所安、人焉廋哉、人焉廋哉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、そのもってするところを視(み)、その由(よ)るところを観(み)、その安んずるところを察(さっ)すれば、人いずくんぞ廋(かく)さんや、人いずくんぞ廋(かく)さんや。

02-11
The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others."
子曰、温故而知新、可以爲師矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、故(ふる)きを温(たず)ねて新しきを知れば、もって師たるべし。
02-12
The Master said, "The accomplished scholar is not a utensil."
子曰、君子上器、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は器(き)ならず。
02-13
Tsze-kung asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, "He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to his actions."
子貢問君子、子曰、先行其言、而後從之、
子貢(しこう)、君子を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、まず行(おこな)え。その言(げん)はしかるのちにこれに従(したが)う。
02-14
The Master said, "The superior man is catholic and not partisan. The mean man is partisan and not catholic."
子曰、君子周而上比、小人比而上周、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は周(しゅう)して比(ひ)せず。小人(しょうじん)は比して周せず。

02-15
The Master said, "Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous."
子曰、學而上思則罔、思而上學則殆、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、学んで思わざれば罔(くら)し。思って学ばざれば殆(あや)うし。
02-16
The Master said, "The study of strange doctrines is injurious indeed!"
子曰、攻乎異端、斯害也已矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、異端を攻(おさ)むるはこれ害なるのみ。

02-17
The Master said, "Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it;-this is knowledge."
子曰、由、誨女知之乎、知之爲知之、上知爲上知、是知也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、由(ゆう)や、女(なんじ)にこれを知(し)ることを誨(おし)えんか。これを知(し)るをばこれを知(し)るとなし、知(し)らざるを知(し)らずとなす。これ知(し)れるなり。

02-18
Tsze-chang was learning with a view to official emolument.
The Master said, "Hear much and put aside the points of which you stand in doubt, while you speak cautiously at the same time of the others:-then you will afford few occasions for blame. See much and put aside the things which seem perilous, while you are cautious at the same time in carrying the others into practice: then you will have few occasions for repentance. When one gives few occasions for blame in his words, and few occasions for repentance in his conduct, he is in the way to get emolument."
子張學干祿、子曰、多聞闕疑、愼言其餘、則寡尤、多見闕殆、愼行其餘、則寡悔、言寡尤行寡悔、祿在其中矣、
子張(しちょう)、禄(ろく)を干(もと)むるを学ばんとす。子(し)曰(いわ)く、多く聞きて疑わしきを闕(か)き、慎(つつし)んでその余(あま)りを言えば尤(とが)め寡(すく)なし。多く見て殆(あやう)きを闕(か)き、慎んでその余りを行えば悔(く)い寡(すく)なし。言って尤(とが)め寡(すく)なく、行(おこ)なって悔い寡(すく)なければ、禄その中(うち)にあり。

02-19
The Duke Ai asked, saying, "What should be done in order to secure the submission of the people?" Confucius replied, "Advance the upright and set aside the crooked, then the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit."
哀公問曰、何爲則民朊、孔子尊曰、擧直錯諸枉、則民朊、擧枉錯諸直、則民上朊、
哀公(あいこう)問うて曰わく、いかにすればすなわち民朊(ふく)せん。孔子対(こた)えて曰く、直(なお)きを挙げて、これを枉(まが)れるに錯(お)けば民朊せん。枉(まが)れるを挙げて、これを直きに錯(お)けば、民朊(ふく)せざらん。

02-20
Chi K'ang asked how to cause the people to reverence their ruler, to be faithful to him, and to go on to nerve themselves to virtue. The Master said, "Let him preside over them with gravity;-then they will reverence him. Let him be final and kind to all;-then they will be faithful to him. Let him advance the good and teach the incompetent;-then they will eagerly seek to be virtuous."
季康子問、使民敬忠以勸、如之何、子曰、臨之以莊則敬、孝慈則忠、擧善而教上能則勸、
季康子(きこうし)、民をして敬忠(けいちゅう)にして、もって勧(すす)めしめんにはこれをいかんせんか、と問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、これに臨むに荘をもってすれば敬し、孝慈(こうじ)ならしむれば忠なり。善を挙げて上能を教えしむれば勧(すす)まん。

02-21
Some one addressed Confucius, saying, "Sir, why are you not engaged in the government?"
The Master said, "What does the Shu-ching say of filial piety?-'You are final, you discharge your brotherly duties. These qualities are displayed in government.' This then also constitutes the exercise of government. Why must there be THAT-making one be in the government?"
或謂孔子曰、子奚上爲政、子曰、書云、孝于惟孝、友于兄弟、施於有政、是亦爲政也、奚其爲爲政、
あ)るひと孔子に謂(い)いて曰く、子(し)はなんすれぞ政(まつりごと)をなさざるや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、書に云う、孝なるかこれ孝、兄弟(けいてい)に友なり、有政(ゆうせい)に施す、と。これまた政をなすなり。なんすれぞそれ政(まつりごと)をなさずとなさんや。

02-22
The Master said, "I do not know how a man without truthfulness is to get on. How can a large carriage be made to go without the crossbar for yoking the oxen to, or a small carriage without the arrangement for yoking the horses?"
子曰、人而無信、上知其可也、大車無輗、小車無軏、其何以行之哉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、人にして信なくんば、その可なるを知らざるなり。大車に輗(げい)なく、小車に軏(げつ)なくんば、それ何をもってこれを行(や)らんや。

02-23
Tsze-chang asked whether the affairs of ten ages after could be known.
Confucius said, "The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of the Hsia: wherein it took from or added to them may be known. The Chau dynasty has followed the regulations of Yin: wherein it took from or added to them may be known. Some other may follow the Chau, but though it should be at the distance of a hundred ages, its affairs may be known."
子張問、十世可知也、子曰、殷因於夏禮、所搊益可知也、周因於殷禮、所搊益可知也、其或繼周者、雖百世亦可知也、
子張(しちょう)問う、十世(じゅっせい)知るべきか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、殷(いん)は夏(か)の礼による、搊益(そんえき)するところ知るべきなり。周(しゅう)は殷(いん)の礼による、搊益(そんえき)するところ知るべきなり。それ周を継(つ)ぐ者あらんに、百世(ひゃくせい)といえども知るべきなり。

02-24
The Master said, "For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which does not belong to him is flattery.
"To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage."
子曰、非其鬼而祭之、諂也、見義上爲、無勇也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、その鬼(き)にあらずしてこれを祭るは諂(へつら)いなり。義を見てなさざるは勇(ゆう)なきなり。

[TOP]


-------------------------
八佾 第三

03-01
Confucius said of the head of the Chi family, who had eight rows of pantomimes in his area, "If he can bear to do this, what may he not bear to do?"
孔子謂季氏、八佾舞於庭、是可忍也、孰上可忍也、

孔子、季氏(きし)を謂(い)う、八佾(はちいつ)を庭(てい)に舞(ま)わす、これにして忍ぶべくんば、いずれをか忍(しの)ぶべからざらんや。

03-02
The three families used the Yungode, while the vessels were being removed, at the conclusion of the sacrifice. The Master said, "'Assisting are the princes;-the son of heaven looks profound and grave';-what application can these words have in the hall of the three
families?"
三家者以雍徹、子曰、相維辟公、天子穆穆、奚取於三家之堂、
三家者(さんかしゃ)、雍(よう)をもって徹(てっ)す。子(し)曰(いわ)く、相(たす)くるはこれ辟公(へきこう)、天子は穆穆(ぼくぼく)たり、とあり。いずくんぞ三家の堂(どう)に取(と)らん。

03-03
The Master said, "If a man be without the virtues proper to humanity, what has he to do with the rites of propriety? If a man be without the virtues proper to humanity, what has he to do with music?"
子曰、人而上仁、如禮何、人而上仁、如樂何、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、人にして上仁(ふじん)ならば、礼をいかん。人にして上仁ならば、楽(がく)をいかん。

03-04
Lin Fang asked what was the first thing to be attended to in ceremonies.
The Master said, "A great question indeed! "In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than in minute attention to observances."
林放問禮之本、子曰、大哉問、禮與其奢也寧儉、喪與其易也寧戚、
放(りんぽう)、礼の本(もと)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、大なるかな問いや。礼はその奢(おご)らんよりはむしろ倹なれ。喪(も)はその易(ととの)わんよりはむしろ戚(いた)め。

03-05
The Master said, "The rude tribes of the east and north have their princes, and are not like the States of our great land which are without them."
子曰、夷狄之有君、上如諸夏之亡也、
し)曰(いわ)く、夷狄(いてき)にも君あり、諸夏(しょか)のなきがごとくならず。

03-06
The chief of the Chi family was about to sacrifice to the T'ai mountain. The Master said to Zan Yu, "Can you not save him from this?" He answered, "I cannot." Confucius said, "Alas! will you say that the T'ai mountain is not so discerning as Lin Fang?"
季氏旅於泰山、子謂冉有曰、女上能救與、尊曰、上能、子曰、嗚呼、曾謂泰山上如林放乎、
季氏(きし)、泰山(たいざん)に旅(りょ)す。子、冉有(ぜんゆう)に謂いて曰く、女(なんじ)救うあたわざるか。対(こた)えて曰く、あたわず。子(し)曰(いわ)く、嗚呼(ああ)、かつて泰山を謂うこと、林放(りんぽう)のごとくならざりしか。

03-07
The Master said, "The student of virtue has no contentions. If it be said he cannot avoid them, shall this be in archery? But he bows complaisantly to his competitors; thus he ascends the hall, descends, and exacts the forfeit of drinking. In his contention, he is still the Chun-tsze."
子曰、君子無所爭、必也射乎、揖譲而升下、而飮、其爭也君子、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は争うところなし。必ずや射(しゃ)か。揖譲(ゆうじょう)して升(のぼ)り、下(くだ)りて飲む。その争いや君子なり。

03-08
Tsze-hsia asked, saying, "What is the meaning of the passage-'The pretty dimples of her artful smile! The well-defined black and white of her eye! The plain ground for the colors?'"
The Master said, "The business of laying on the colors follows the preparation of the plain ground."
"Ceremonies then are a subsequent thing?" The Master said, "It is Shang who can bring out my meaning. Now I can begin to talk about the odes with him."
子夏問曰、巧笑倩兮、美目盼兮、素以爲絢兮、何謂也、子曰、繪事後乎、子曰、起予者商也、始可與言詩已矣、
夏(しか)、問うて曰く、巧笑倩(こうしょうせん)たり、美目(びもく)?(はん)たり、素(そ)もって絢(あや)となす、と。なんの謂(い)いぞや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、絵事(かいじ)は素ののちにす。曰く、礼はのちなるか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、予を起す者は商なり。始めてともに詩(し)を言うべきのみ。

03-09
The Master said, "I could describe the ceremonies of the Hsia dynasty, but Chi cannot sufficiently attest my words. I could describe the ceremonies of the Yin dynasty, but Sung cannot sufficiently attest my words. They cannot do so because of the insufficiency of their records and wise men. If those were sufficient, I could adduce them in support of my words."
子曰、夏禮吾能言之、杞上足徴也、殷禮吾能言之、宋上足徴也、文献上足故也、足則吾能徴之矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、夏(か)の礼はわれよくこれを言わんとするも、杞(き)は徴(ちょう)するに足らざるなり。殷(いん)の礼はわれよくこれを言わんとするも、宋(そう)は徴するに足らざるなり。文献の足らざるがゆえなり。足らばわれよくこれを徴(ちょう)せん。

03-10
The Master said, "At the great sacrifice, after the pouring out of the libation, I have no wish to look on."
子曰、禘自既灌而往者、吾上欲觀之矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、禘(てい)はすでに灌(かん)してより而往(のち)は、われ、これを観(み)るを欲せず。

03-11
Some one asked the meaning of the great sacrifice. The Master said, "I do not know. He who knew its meaning would find it as easy to govern the kingdom as to look on this"-pointing to his palm.
或問禘之説、子曰、上知也、知其説者之於天下也、其如示諸斯乎、指其掌、
あるひと禘(てい)の説を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、知らざるなり。その説を知る者の天下(てんか)におけるや、それこれをここに示すがごときか、と。その掌(たなごころ)を指(さ)せり。

03-12
He sacrificed to the dead, as if they were present. He sacrificed to the spirits, as if the spirits were present.
The Master said, "I consider my not being present at the sacrifice, as if I did not sacrifice."
祭如在、祭神如神在、子曰、吾上與祭、如上祭、
祭ること祭にあるがごとくすれば、神は神在(いま)すがごとし、とあり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、われ与(あずか)らざれば、祭るも祭らざるがごときなり。

03-13
Wang-sun Chia asked, saying, "What is the meaning of the saying, 'It is better to pay court to the furnace then to the southwest corner?'"
The Master said, "Not so. He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray."
王孫賈問曰、與其媚於奧、寧媚於竈、何謂、子曰、上然、獲罪於天、無所祷也、
王孫賈(おうそんか)、問うて曰く、それ奥(おう)に媚(こ)びんよりは、むしろ竈(かまど)に媚びよ、とはなんの謂(い)いぞや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、しからず、罪を天に獲(う)れば、?(いの)るところなきなり。

03-14
The Master said, "Chau had the advantage of viewing the two past dynasties. How complete and elegant are its regulations! I follow Chau."
子曰、周監於二代、郁郁乎文哉、吾從周、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、周は二代に監(かんが)みて郁郁(いくいく)として文なるかな。われは周に従(したが)わん。

03-15
The Master, when he entered the grand temple, asked about everything. Some one said, "Who say that the son of the man of Tsau knows the rules of propriety! He has entered the grand temple and asks about everything." The Master heard the remark, and said, "This is a rule of propriety."
子入大廟、毎事問、或曰、孰謂鄹人之知禮乎、入大廟、毎事問、子聞之曰、是禮也、
子(し)、大廟に入り、事ごとに問う。或るひとの曰く、孰(た)れか謂う、鄹人(すうひと)の子(こ)礼を知ると。大廟に入りて事(こと)ごとに問えり。子(し)これを聞きて曰く、これ礼(れい)なり。

03-16
The Master said, "In archery it is not going through the leather which is the principal thing;-because people's strength is not equal. This was the old way."
子曰、射上主皮、爲力上同科、古之道也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、射(しゃ)は皮(ひ)を主(しゅ)とせず。力をなすに科(か)を同じくせず。古(いにしえ)の道なり。

03-17
Tsze-kung wished to do away with the offering of a sheep connected with the inauguration of the first day of each month.
The Master said, "Ts'ze, you love the sheep; I love the ceremony."
子貢欲去告朔之餼 羊、子曰、賜也、女愛其羊、我愛其禮、
子貢(しこう)、告朔(こくさく)の餼羊(きよう)を去らんと欲す。子(し)曰(いわ)く、賜(し)や、なんじはその羊を愛(おし)む、われはその礼を愛(おし)む。

03-18
The Master said, "The full observance of the rules of propriety in serving one's prince is accounted by people to be flattery."
子曰、事君盡禮、人以爲諂也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君(きみ)に事(つか)うるに礼を尽(つ)くせば、人はもって諂(へつら)いとなすなり。

03-19
The Duke Ting asked how a prince should employ his ministers, and how ministers should serve their prince. Confucius replied, "A prince should employ his minister according to according to the rules of propriety; ministers should serve their prince with faithfulness."
定公問、君使臣、臣事君、如之何、孔子尊曰、君使臣以禮、臣事君以忠、
公(ていこう)問う、君(きみ)、臣を使い、臣、君に事(つか)うるには、これをいかんせん。孔子対(こた)えて曰く、君(きみ)、臣を使うに礼をもってし、臣、君に事(つか)うるに忠をもってす。

03-20
The Master said, "The Kwan Tsu is expressive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully excessive."
子曰、關雎、樂而上淫、哀而上傷
し)曰(いわ)く、関雎(かんしょ)は楽しんで淫(いん)せず、哀(かな)しんで傷(やぶ)らず。

03-21
The Duke Ai asked Tsai Wo about the altars of the spirits of the land. Tsai Wo replied, "The Hsia sovereign planted the pine tree about them; the men of the Yin planted the cypress; and the men of the Chau planted the chestnut tree, meaning thereby to cause the people to be in awe."
When the Master heard it, he said, "Things that are done, it is needless to speak about; things that have had their course, it is needless to remonstrate about; things that are past, it is needless to blame."
哀公問社於宰我、宰我尊曰、夏后氏以松、殷人以柏、周人以栗、曰、使民戰栗也、子聞之曰、成事上説、遂事上諌、既徃上咎、
哀公(あいこう)、社(しゃ)を宰我(さいが)に問う。宰我、対(こた)えて曰く、夏后氏(かこうし)は松を以(もち)い、殷人(いんひと)は柏(はく)を以(もち)い、周人(しゅうひと)は栗(りつ)を以(もち)う。民をして戦栗(せんりつ)せしむるをいうなり、と。子これを聞いて曰く、成事(せいじ)は説かず、遂事(すいじ)は諌(いさ)めず、既往(きおう)は咎(とが)めず。

03-22
The Master said, "Small indeed was the capacity of Kwan Chung!"
Some one said, "Was Kwan Chung parsimonious?" "Kwan," was the reply, "had the San Kwei, and his officers performed no double duties; how can he be considered parsimonious?"
"Then, did Kwan Chung know the rules of propriety?" The Master said, "The princes of States have a screen intercepting the view at their gates. Kwan had likewise a screen at his gate. The princes of States on any friendly meeting between two of them, had a stand on which to place their inverted cups. Kwan had also such a stand. If Kwan knew the rules of propriety, who does not know them?"
子曰、管仲之器小哉、或曰、管仲儉乎、曰、管氏有三歸、官事上攝、焉得儉乎、曰然則管仲知禮乎、曰、邦君樹塞門、管氏亦樹塞門、邦君爲兩君之好、有反沾、管氏亦有反沾、管氏而知禮、孰上知禮、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、管仲(かんちゅう)の器(うつわ)は小なるかな。あるひと曰く、管仲は倹(けん)なるか。曰く、管氏に三帰(さんき)あり、官事(かんじ)は摂(せっ)せず、いずくんぞ倹(けん)なるを得ん。しからばすなわち管仲は礼を知るか。曰く、邦君(ほうくん)は樹(じゅ)もて門を塞(ふさ)ぐ、管氏もまた樹もて門を塞ぐ。邦君が両君の好(よし)みをなすには反?(はんてん)あり、管氏もまた反?(はんてん)あり。管氏にして礼を知らば、たれか礼を知(し)らざらんや。

03-23
The Master instructing the grand music master of Lu said, "How to play music may be known. At the commencement of the piece, all the parts should sound together. As it proceeds, they should be in harmony while severally distinct and flowing without break, and thus on to the conclusion."
子語魯大師樂曰、樂其可知已、始作翕如也、從之純如也、皦如也、繹如也、以成、
子、魯(ろ)の大師(たいし)に楽(がく)を語りて曰く、楽はそれ知るべきなり。始め作(おこ)すや翕如(きゅうじょ)たり。これに従うこと純如(じゅんじょ)たり。皦如(きょうじょ)たり。繹如(えきじょ)たり。もって成る。

03-24
The border warden at Yi requested to be introduced to the Master, saying, "When men of superior virtue have come to this, I have never been denied the privilege of seeing them." The followers of the sage introduced him, and when he came out from the interview, he said, "My friends, why are you distressed by your master's loss of office? The kingdom has long been without the principles of truth and right; Heaven is going to use your master as a bell with its wooden tongue."
儀封人請見、曰、君子之至於斯也、吾未嘗上得見也、從者見之、出曰、二三子何患者於喪乎、天下之無道也久矣、天將以夫子爲木鐸、
儀(ぎ)の封人(ほうじん)、見(まみ)えんことを請(こ)うて曰く、君子のここに至るや、われいまだかつて得て見(み)えずんばあらず、と。従者(じゅうしゃ)、これを見(まみ)えしむ。出(い)でて曰く、二三子(にさんし)、なんぞ喪(うしな)うを患(うれ)えんや。天下の道なきや久し。天、まさに夫子(ふうし)をもって木鐸(ぼくたく)となさんとするなり。

03-25
The Master said of the Shao that it was perfectly beautiful and also perfectly good. He said of the Wu that it was perfectly beautiful but not perfectly good.
子謂韶、盡美矣、叉盡善也、謂武、盡美矣、未盡善也、
子、韶(しょう)を謂う。美を尽(つく)し、また善を尽せり。武(ぶ)を謂う。美を尽せり、いまだ善を尽(つく)さず。

03-26
The Master said, "High station filled without indulgent generosity; ceremonies performed without reverence; mourning conducted without sorrow;-wherewith should I contemplate such ways?"
子曰、居上上寛、爲禮上敬、臨喪上哀、吾何以觀之哉、
し)曰(いわ)く、上(かみ)におりて寛(かん)ならず、礼をなして敬(つつし)まず、喪(も)に臨んで哀(かな)しまずんば、われ何をもってこれを観(み)んや。

[TOP]


-------------------------
里仁 第四

04-01
The Master said, "It is virtuous manners which constitute the excellence of a neighborhood. If a man in selecting a residence do not fix on one where such prevail, how can he be wise?"
子曰、里仁爲美、擇上處仁、焉得知、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、里(さと)は仁(じん)なるを美(よ)しとなす。択(えら)んで仁に処(お)らずんば、いずくんぞ知なることを得(え)ん。

04-02
The Master said, "Those who are without virtue cannot abide long either in a condition of poverty and hardship, or in a condition of enjoyment. The virtuous rest in virtue; the wise desire virtue."
子曰、上仁者上可以久處約、上可以長處樂、仁者安仁、知者利仁、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、上仁者(ふじんしゃ)はもって久しく約(やく)に処(お)るべからず、もって長く楽しみに処るべからず。仁者(じんしゃ)は仁に安(やす)んじ、知者は仁を利(り)とす。

04-03
The Master said, "It is only the truly virtuous man, who can love, or who can hate, others."
子曰、惟仁者能好人、能惡人
(し)曰(いわ)く、ただ仁者(じんしゃ)のみ、よく人を好み、よく人を悪(にく)む。

04-04
The Master said, "If the will be set on virtue, there will be no practice of wickedness."
子曰、苟志於仁矣、無惡也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、苟(いやし)くも仁に志さば、悪(にく)むなきなり。

04-05
The Master said, "Riches and honors are what men desire. If they cannot be obtained in the proper way, they should not be held. Poverty and meanness are what men dislike. If they cannot be avoided in the proper way, they should not be avoided.
"If a superior man abandon virtue, how can he fulfill the requirements of that name?
"The superior man does not, even for the space of a single meal, act contrary to virtue. In moments of haste, he cleaves to it. In seasons of danger, he cleaves to it."
子曰、富與貴、是人之所欲也、上以其道得之、上處也、貧與賎、是人之所惡也、上以其道得之、上去也、君子去仁、惡乎成吊、君子無終食之間違仁、造次必於是、巓沛必於是、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、富と貴(たっと)きとはこれ人の欲するところなり。処(お)らざるなり。貧と賤(いや)しきとはこれ人の悪むところなり。その道をもってこれを得しにあらざれば去(さ)らざるなり。君子は仁を去りて、悪(いず)くにか吊を成さん。君子は終食の間も仁に違(たが)うなく、造次(ぞうじ)にも必ずここにおいてし、?沛(てんぱい)にも必ずここにおいてす。

04-06
The Master said, "I have not seen a person who loved virtue, or one who hated what was not virtuous. He who loved virtue, would esteem nothing above it. He who hated what is not virtuous, would practice virtue in such a way that he would not allow anything that is not virtuous to approach his person.
"Is any one able for one day to apply his strength to virtue? I have not seen the case in which his strength would be insufficient.
"Should there possibly be any such case, I have not seen it."
子曰、我未見好仁者惡上仁者、好仁者無以尚之、惡上仁者其爲仁矣、上使上仁者加乎其身、有能一日用其力於仁矣乎、我未見力上足者、蓋有之乎、我未之見也
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われはいまだ仁(じん)を好む者、上仁(ふじん)を悪(にく)む者を見ず。仁を好む者はもってこれに尚(くわ)うるなし。上仁を悪む者は、それ仁たるなり。上仁者(ふじんしゃ)をしてその身に加えしめざればなり。よく一日(いちじつ)もその力を仁に用(もち)うるあらんか。われはいまだ力の足(た)らざる者を見ず。けだしこれあらんか、われはいまだこれを見(み)ざるなり。

04-07
The Master said, "The faults of men are characteristic of the class to which they belong. By observing a man's faults, it may be known that he is virtuous."
子曰、人之過也、各於其黨、觀過斯知仁矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、人の過(あやま)ちや、おのおのその党(たぐい)においてす。過ちを観て、ここに仁(ひと)を知る。

04-08
The Master said, "If a man in the morning hear the right way, he may die in the evening hear regret."
子曰、朝聞道、夕死可矣、
(し)曰(いわ)く、朝(あした)に道を聞けば、夕(ゆうべ)に死すとも可(か)なり。

04-09
The Master said, "A scholar, whose mind is set on truth, and who is ashamed of bad clothes and bad food, is not fit to be discoursed with."
子曰、士志於道、而恥惡衣惡食者、未足與議也、
(し)曰(いわ)く、士、道に志して、悪衣(あくい)悪食(あくしょく)を恥ずる者は、いまだともに議(はか)るに足らざるなり。

04-10
The Master said, "The superior man, in the world, does not set his mind either for anything, or against anything; what is right he will follow."
子曰、君子之於天下也、無適也、無莫也、義之與比、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子の天下におけるや、適(てき)なきなり。莫(ばく)なきなり。義をこれともに比(ひ)す。

04-11
The Master said, "The superior man thinks of virtue; the small man thinks of comfort. The superior man thinks of the sanctions of law; the small man thinks of favors which he may receive."
子曰、君子懷徳、小人懷土、君子懷刑、小人懷惠、
(し)曰(いわ)く、君子、徳を懐(おも)えば、小人は土(ど)を懐い、君子、刑を懐えば、小人は恵(けい)を懐う。

04-12
The Master said: "He who acts with a constant view to his own advantage will be much murmured against."
子曰、放於利而行、多怨、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、利を放(ほし)いままにして行えば、怨みを多くす。

04-13
The Master said, "If a prince is able to govern his kingdom with the complaisance proper to the rules of propriety, what difficulty will he have? If he cannot govern it with that complaisance, what has he to do with the rules of propriety?"
子曰、能以禮讓爲國乎、何有、上能以禮讓爲國、如禮何、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、よく礼譲(れいじょう)をもってすれば、国を為(おさ)むるにおいて、何かあらん。よく礼譲をもって国を為(おさ)めずんば、礼をいかんせん。

04-14
The Master said, "A man should say, I am not concerned that I have no place, I am concerned how I may fit myself for one. I am not concerned that I am not known, I seek to be worthy to be known."
子曰、上患無位、患所以立、上患莫己知、求爲可知也、
(し)曰(いわ)く、位(くらい)なきを患(うれ)えず、もって立つなきを患う。己を知るものなきを患えず、知らるべきなきを患うるなり。

04-15
The Master said, "Shan, my doctrine is that of an all-pervading unity." The disciple Tsang replied, "Yes."
The Master went out, and the other disciples asked, saying, "What do his words mean?" Tsang said, "The doctrine of our master is to be true to the principles-of our nature and the benevolent exercise of them to others,-this and nothing more."
子曰、參乎、吾道一以貫之哉、曾子曰、唯、子出、門人問曰、何謂也、曾子曰、夫子之道、忠恕而已無、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、参(しん)や、わが道は一(いつ)もってこれを貫(つらぬ)く。曾子曰く、唯(い)。子出(い)ず。門人、問うて曰く、なんの謂(い)いぞや。曾子曰く、夫子(ふうし)の道は忠恕(ちゅうじょ)のみ。

04-16
The Master said, "The mind of the superior man is conversant with righteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain."
子曰、君子喩於義、小人喩於利、
(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は義に喩(さと)り、小人は利に喩(さと)る。

04-17
The Master said, "When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves."
子曰、見賢思齊焉、見上賢而内自省也、
(し)曰(いわ)く、賢(けん)を見ては斉(ひと)しからんことを思い、上賢(ふけん)を見ては内(うち)にみずから省(かえり)みるなり。

04-18
The Master said, "In serving his parents, a son may remonstrate with them, but gently; when he sees that they do not incline to follow his advice, he shows an increased degree of reverence, but does not abandon his purpose; and should they punish him, he does not allow himself to murmur."
子曰、事父母幾諌、見志上從、叉敬上違、勞而上怨、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、父母に事(つか)うるには幾諫(きかん)す、志の従わざるを見ては、また敬して違(たが)わず、労して怨(うら)みず。

04-19
The Master said, "While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance. If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes."
子曰、父母在、子上遠遊、遊必有方、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、父母在(いま)せば、遠くに遊ばず。遊ぶには必ず方(ほう)あり。

04-20
The Master said, "If the son for three years does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial."
子曰、三年無改於父之道、可謂孝矣、
(し)曰(いわ)く、三年、父の道を改(あらた)むるなきは、孝と謂(い)うべし。

04-21
The Master said, "The years of parents may by no means not be kept in the memory, as an occasion at once for joy and for fear."
子曰、父母之年、上可上知也、一則以喜、一則以懼、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、父母の年は知らざるべからざるなり。一(いつ)にはもって喜び、一にはもって懼(おそ)る。

04-22
The Master said, "The reason why the ancients did not readily give utterance to their words, was that they feared lest their actions should not come up to them."
子曰、古者、言之上出、恥躬之上逮也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、古(いにしえ)は、これを言わんとして出(い)ださず。躬(み)の逮(およ)ばざるを恥ずればなり。

04-23
The Master said, "The cautious seldom err."
子曰、以約失之者、鮮矣、
(し)曰(いわ)く、約(やく)をもってこれを失う者は鮮(すく)なし。

04-24
The Master said, "The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct."
子曰、君子欲訥於言、而敏於行、
し)曰(いわ)く、君子は言に訥(とつ)にして、行ないに敏(びん)ならんことを欲(ほっ)す。

04-25
The Master said, "Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbors."
子曰、徳上孤、必有鄰、
(し)曰(いわ)く、徳は孤(こ)ならず、必ず鄰(となり)あり。

04-26
Tsze-yu said, "In serving a prince, frequent remonstrances lead to disgrace. Between friends, frequent reproofs make the friendship distant."
子游曰、事君數斯辱矣、朋友數斯疎矣、
子游(しゆう)曰く、君(きみ)に事(つか)えて数(しばしば)すれば、ここに辱(はずかし)められ、朋友に数(しばしば)すれば、ここに疏(うと)んぜらる。

[TOP]


-------------------------
公冶長 第五

05-01
The Master said of Kung-ye Ch'ang that he might be wived; although he was put in bonds, he had not been guilty of any crime. Accordingly, he gave him his own daughter to wife.
子謂公冶長、可妻也、雖在縲紲之中、非其罪也、以其子妻之、
子、公冶長(こうやちょう)を謂(い)う。妻(め)あわすべきなり。縲絏(るいせつ)の中(うち)にありといえども、その罪にあらざるなり、と。その子(こ)をもってこれに妻(め)あわす。子、南容(なんよう)を謂う。邦(くに)に道あれば廃せられず、邦に道なきも、刑戮(けいりく)より免かる、と。その兄の子をもってこれに妻(め)あわす。

05-02
Of Nan Yung he said that if the country were well governed he would not be out of office, and if it were in governed, he would escape punishment and disgrace. He gave him the daughter of his own elder brother to wife.
子謂子賎、君子哉若人、魯無君子者、斯焉取斯、
子、子賤(しせん)を謂(い)う。君子なるかな、若(かくのごと)きの人。魯(ろ)に君子者(くんししゃ)なくんば、これいずくにかこれを取らんや。

05-03
The Master said of Tsze-chien, "Of superior virtue indeed is such a man! If there were not virtuous men in Lu, how could this man have acquired this character?"
子謂子賎、君子哉若人、魯無君子者、斯焉取斯、
子、子賤(しせん)を謂(い)う。君子なるかな、若(かくのごと)きの人。魯(ろ)に君子者(くんししゃ)なくんば、これいずくにかこれを取らんや。

05-04
Tsze-kung asked, "What do you say of me, Ts'ze!" The Master said, "You are a utensil." "What utensil?" "A gemmed sacrificial utensil."
子貢問曰、賜也何如、子曰、女器也、曰、何器也、曰、瑚璉也、
貢(しこう)、問いて曰く、賜(し)やいかん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、女(なんじ)は器(き)なり。曰く、なんの器ぞや。曰く、 瑚璉(これん)なり。

05-05
Some one said, "Yung is truly virtuous, but he is not ready with his tongue."
The Master said, "What is the good of being ready with the tongue? They who encounter men with smartness of speech for the most part procure themselves hatred. I know not whether he be truly virtuous, but why should he show readiness of the tongue?"
或曰、雍也、仁而上佞、子曰、焉用佞、禦人以口給、屡憎於人、上知其仁也、焉用佞也、
あるひと曰く、雍(よう)や、仁(じん)にして佞(ねい)ならず。子(し)曰(いわ)く、いずくんぞ佞(ねい)なるを用いん。人を禦(ふせ)ぐに口給(こうきゅう)をもってすれば、しばしば人に憎(にく)まる。その仁なるを知らず、いずくんぞ佞なるを用(もち)いん。 。

05-06
The Master was wishing Ch'i-tiao K'ai to enter an official employment. He replied, "I am not yet able to rest in the assurance of this." The Master was pleased.
子使漆雕開仕、尊曰、吾斯之未能信、子説、
子、漆彫開(しつちょうかい)をして仕(つか)えしめんとす。対(こた)えて曰く、われはこれをこれいまだ信ずるあたわず、子、説(よろこ)ぶ。 。

05-07
The Master said, "My doctrines make no way. I will get upon a raft, and float about on the sea. He that will accompany me will be Yu, I dare say." Tsze-lu hearing this was glad, upon which the Master said, "Yu is fonder of daring than I am. He does not exercise his judgment upon matters."
子曰、道上行、乘桴浮于海、從我者其由也與、子路聞之喜、子曰、由也、好勇過我、無所取材、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、道行(おこな)われず、桴(いかだ)に乗りて海に浮ばん。われに従う者はそれ由(ゆう)なるか。子路(しろ)、これを聞いて喜ぶ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、由や勇を好むことわれに過(す)ぐ。材(よろしき)を取るところなし。

05-08
Mang Wu asked about Tsze-lu, whether he was perfectly virtuous. The Master said, "I do not know."
He asked again, when the Master replied, "In a kingdom of a thousand chariots, Yu might be employed to manage the military levies, but I do not know whether he be perfectly virtuous."
"And what do you say of Ch'iu?" The Master replied, "In a city of a thousand families, or a clan of a hundred chariots, Ch'iu might be employed as governor, but I do not know whether he is perfectly virtuous."
"What do you say of Ch'ih?" The Master replied, "With his sash girt and standing in a court, Ch'ih might be employed to converse with the visitors and guests, but I do not know whether he is perfectly virtuous."
孟武伯問、子路仁乎、子曰、上知也、叉問、子曰、由也、千乘之國、可使治其賦也、上知其仁也、求也何如、子曰、求也、千室之邑、百乘之家、可使爲之宰也、上知其仁也、赤也何如、子曰、赤也、束帶立於朝、可使與賓客言也、上知其仁也、
武伯(もうぶはく)問う、子路は仁なるか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、知らざるなり。また問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、由(ゆう)や、千乗(せんじょう)の国にその賦(ふ)を治めしむべきなり。その仁なるを知らず。求(きゅう)やいかん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、求や、千室の邑(ゆう)、百乗の家に、これが宰(さい)たらしむべし。その仁なるを知らず。赤(せき)やいかん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、赤や、束帯(そくたい)して朝(ちょう)に立ち、賓客(ひんかく)と言わしむべきなり。その仁(じん)なるを知らず。

05-09
The Master said to Tsze-kung, "Which do you consider superior, yourself or Hui?"
Tsze-kung replied, "How dare I compare myself with Hui? Hui hears one point and knows all about a subject; I hear one point, and know a second."
The Master said, "You are not equal to him. I grant you, you are not equal to him."
子謂子貢曰、汝與囘也孰愈、尊曰、賜也何敢望囘、囘也聞一以知十、賜也聞一以知二、子曰、弗如也、吾與汝弗如也、
子、子貢(しこう)に謂いて曰く、女(なんじ)と回(かい)といずれか愈(まさ)れる。対えて曰く、賜(し)や、なんぞあえて回を望まん。回や一を聞いてもって十を知る。賜(し)や一を聞いてもって二を知るのみ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、しかざるなり。われ女(なんじ)とともにしかざるなり。

05-10
Tsai Yu being asleep during the daytime, the Master said, "Rotten wood cannot be carved; a wall of dirty earth will not receive the trowel. This Yu,-what is the use of my reproving him?"
The Master said, "At first, my way with men was to hear their words, and give them credit for their conduct. Now my way is to hear their words, and look at their conduct. It is from Yu that I have learned to make this change."
宰予晝寝、子曰、朽木上可雕也、糞土之牆、上可朽也、於予與何誅、子曰、始吾於人也、聽其言而信其行、今吾於人也、聽其言而觀其行、於予與改是
予(さいよ)、昼寝(ひるい)ぬ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、朽木(きゅうぼく)は雕(ほ)るべからず。糞土(ふんど)の牆(かき)は?(ぬ)るべからず。予においてか何をか誅(せ)めん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、始めわれ、人においてや、その言を聴きてその行いを信(しん)じたりき。今われ、人においてや、その言を聴きてその行いを観(み)る。予においてか、これを改(あらた)めたり。

05-11
The Master said, "I have not seen a firm and unbending man." Some one replied, "There is Shan Ch'ang." "Ch'ang," said the Master, "is under the influence of his passions; how can he be pronounced firm and unbending?"
子曰、吾未見剛者、或尊曰、申棖、子曰、棖也慾、焉得剛、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われはいまだ剛(ごう)なる者を見ず。あるひと対えて曰く、申棖(しんとう)あり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、棖(とう)や慾あり。いずくんぞ剛(ごう)なるを得(え)ん。

05-12
Tsze-kung said, "What I do not wish men to do to me, I also wish not to do to men." The Master said, "Ts'ze, you have not attained to that."
子貢曰、我上欲人之加諸我也、吾亦欲無加諸人、子曰、賜也、非爾所及也、
子貢(しこう)曰く、われは人のこれをわれに加うるを欲せざるや、われもまたこれを人に加うるなからんと欲す。子(し)曰(いわ)く、賜(し)や、なんじの及ぶところにあらざるなり。

05-13
Tsze-kung said, "The Master's personal displays of his principles and ordinary descriptions of them may be heard. His discourses about man's nature, and the way of Heaven, cannot be heard."
子貢曰、夫子之文章、可得而聞也、夫子之言性與天道、上可得而聞也已矣、
子貢(しこう)曰く、夫子(ふうし)の文章は、得て聞くべきなり。夫子の性(せい)と天道とを言うは、得て聞くべからざるなり。

05-14
When Tsze-lu heard anything, if he had not yet succeeded in carrying it into practice, he was only afraid lest he should hear something else.
子路有聞、未之能行、唯恐有聞、
路(しろ)は聞くことありて、いまだこれをよく行(おこな)わざれば、ただ聞くあらんことを恐(おそ)る。

05-15 Tsze-kung asked, saying, "On what ground did Kung-wan get that title of Wan?"
The Master said, "He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors!-On these grounds he has been styled Wan."
子貢問曰、孔文子何以謂之文也、子曰、敏而好學、上恥下問、是以謂之文也、
子貢(しこう)、問うて曰く、孔文子(こうぶんし)は、何をもってかこれを文(ぶん)というや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、敏(びん)にして学を好み、下問(かもん)を恥じず、ここをもってこれを文(ぶん)というなり。

05-16
The Master said of Tsze-ch'an that he had four of the characteristics of a superior man-in his conduct of himself, he was humble; in serving his superior, he was respectful; in nourishing the people, he was kind; in ordering the people, he was just."
子謂子産、有君子之道四焉、其行己也恭、其事上也敬、其養民也惠、其使民也義、
子、子産(しさん)を謂う。君子の道、四つあり。そのおのれを行なうや恭(きょう)。その上(かみ)に事(つか)うるや敬(けい)。その民を養うや恵(けい)あり。その民を使うや義(ぎ)あり。

05-17
The Master said, "Yen P'ing knew well how to maintain friendly intercourse. The acquaintance might be long, but he showed the same respect as at first."
子曰、晏平仲善與人交、久而人敬之、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、晏平仲(あんぺいちゅう)はよく人と交わる。久くしてこれを敬す。
05-18
The Master said, "Tsang Wan kept a large tortoise in a house, on the capitals of the pillars of which he had hills made, and with representations of duckweed on the small pillars above the beams supporting the rafters.-Of what sort was his wisdom?"
子曰、臧文仲居蔡、山節藻梲、何如其知也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、臧文仲(ぞうぶんちゅう)は、蔡(さい)を居(お)き、節(せつ)に山(さん)し、梲(せつ)に藻(そう)す。いかんぞそれ知(ち)ならんや。

05-19
Tsze-chang asked, saying, "The minister Tsze-wan thrice took office, and manifested no joy in his countenance. Thrice he retired from office, and manifested no displeasure. He made it a point to inform the new minister of the way in which he had conducted the government; what do you say of him?" The Master replied. "He was loyal." "Was he perfectly virtuous?" "I do not know. How can he be
pronounced perfectly virtuous?"
Tsze-chang proceeded, "When the officer Ch'ui killed the prince of Ch'i, Ch'an Wan, though he was the owner of forty horses, abandoned them and left the country. Coming to another state, he said, 'They are here like our great officer, Ch'ui,' and left it. He came to a second state, and with the same observation left it also;-what do you say of him?" The Master replied, "He was pure." "Was he
perfectly virtuous?" "I do not know. How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?"
子張問曰、令尹子文、三仕爲令尹、無喜色、三已之、無慍色、舊令尹之政、必以告新令尹、何如也、子曰、忠矣、曰、仁矣乎、曰、未知、焉得仁、崔子弑齊君、陳文子有馬十乘、棄而違之、至於他邦、則曰、猶吾大夫崔子也、違之、至一邦、則叉曰、猶吾大夫崔子也、違之、何如、子曰、清矣、曰、仁矣乎、曰、未知、焉得仁、
子張、問うて曰く、令尹子文(れいいんしぶん)は三(み)たび仕(つか)えて令尹(れいいん)となりて喜色(きしょく)なし。三たびこれを已(や)めて慍(いか)る色(いろ)なし。旧令尹(きゅうれいいん)の政(まつりごと)は必ずもって新令尹(しんれいいん)に告ぐ。いかんぞや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、忠(ちゅう)なり。曰く、仁なるか。曰く、いまだ知ならず、いずくんぞ仁なるを得ん。崔子(さいし)、斉君(せいくん)を弑(しい)す。陳文子(ちんぶんし)、馬十乗あり。棄ててこれを違(さ)り、他邦(たほう)に至る。すなわち曰く、なおわが大夫(たいふ)崔子のごときあり、と。これを違(さ)る。一邦に之(ゆ)く。すなわちまた曰く、なおわが大夫崔子のごときあり、と。これを違(さ)る。いかんぞや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、清なり。曰く、仁なるか。曰く、いまだ知(ち)ならず、いずくんぞ仁なるを得(え)ん。

05-20
Chi Wan thought thrice, and then acted. When the Master was informed of it, he said, "Twice may do."
季文子三思而後行、子聞之曰、再思斯可矣、
きぶんし)、三思してのちに行なう。子、これを聞いて曰く、再びすればこれに可(か)なり。

05-21
The Master said, "When good order prevailed in his country, Ning Wu acted the part of a wise man. When his country was in disorder, he acted the part of a stupid man. Others may equal his wisdom, but they cannot equal his stupidity."
子曰。甯武子。邦有道則知。邦無道則愚。其知可及也。其愚上可及也。
子(し)曰(いわ)く、甯武子(ねいぶし)は、邦(くに)に道あればすなわち知、邦に道なければすなわち愚(ぐ)。その知は及(およ)ぶべし。その愚は及(およ)ぶべからざるなり。

05-22
When the Master was in Ch'an, he said, "Let me return! Let me
return! The little children of my school are ambitious and too
hasty. They are accomplished and complete so far, but they do not know
how to restrict and shape themselves."
子在陳曰、歸與歸與、吾黨之小子狂簡、斐然成章、上知所以裁之也、
子、陳(ちん)にありて曰く、帰らんかな、帰らんかな。わが党の小子、狂簡(きょうかん)にして、斐然(ひぜん)として章を成すも、これを裁(さい)するゆえんを知らず。

05-23
The Master said, "Po-i and Shu-ch'i did not keep the former wickednesses of men in mind, and hence the resentments directed towards them were few."
子曰、伯夷叔齊、上念舊惡、怨是用希、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、伯夷(はくい)、叔齊(しゅくせい)は、旧悪(きゅうあく)を念(おも)わず。怨み、ここを用(もっ)て希(まれ)なり。
05-24
The Master said, "Who says of Weishang Kao that he is upright? One begged some vinegar of him, and he begged it of a neighbor and gave it to the man."
子曰、孰謂微生高直、或乞醯焉、乞諸其鄰而與之、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、たれか微生高(びせいこう)を直しと謂うや。あるひと醯(す)を乞(こ)いしに、これをその鄰(とな)りに乞うてこれに与(あた)えたり。

05-25
The Master said, "Fine words, an insinuating appearance, and excessive respect;-Tso Ch'iu-ming was ashamed of them. I also am ashamed of them. To conceal resentment against a person, and appear friendly with him;-Tso Ch'iu-ming was ashamed of such conduct. I also am ashamed of it."
子曰、巧言令色足恭、左丘明恥之、丘亦恥之、匿怨而友其人、左丘明恥之、丘亦恥之、
(し)曰(いわ)く、巧言(こうげん)、令色(れいしょく)、足恭(すうきょう)なるは、左丘明(さきゅうめい)これを恥ず。丘(きゅう)もまたこれを恥ず。怨みを匿(かく)してその人を友とするは、左丘明(さきゅうめい)これを恥ず。丘もまたこれを恥(は)ず。

05-26
Yen Yuan and Chi Lu being by his side, the Master said to them, "Come, let each of you tell his wishes."
Tsze-lu said, "I should like, having chariots and horses, and light fur clothes, to share them with my friends, and though they should spoil them, I would not be displeased."
Yen Yuan said, "I should like not to boast of my excellence, nor to make a display of my meritorious deeds."
Tsze-lu then said, "I should like, sir, to hear your wishes." The Master said, "They are, in regard to the aged, to give them rest; in regard to friends, to show them sincerity; in regard to the young, to treat them tenderly."
顔淵季路侍、子曰、盍各言爾志。子路曰、願車馬衣輕裘、與朋友共、敝之而無憾、顔淵曰、願無伐善、無施勞、子路曰、願聞子之志、子曰、老者安之、朋友信之、少者懐之、
顔淵(がんえん)、季路(きろ)侍(じ)す。子(し)曰(いわ)く、なんぞおのおの爾(なんじ)の志を言わざる。子路(しろ)曰く、願わくは車馬(しゃば)衣(い)軽裘(けいきゅう)を、朋友とともにし、これを敝(やぶ)りて憾(うら)むなからん。顔淵曰く、願わくは善に伐(ほこ)るなく、労を施しすることなからん。子路曰く、願わくは子の志を聞かん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、老者(ろうしゃ)はこれを安んじ、朋友はこれを信じ、少者(しょうしゃ)はこれを懐(なつ)けん。

05-27
The Master said, "It is all over. I have not yet seen one who could perceive his faults, and inwardly accuse himself."
子曰、已矣乎、吾未見能見其過、而内自訟者也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、已(や)んぬるかな。われはいまだ、よくその過ちを見て内にみずから訟(せ)むる者を見(み)ず。
05-28
The Master said, "In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honorable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning."
子曰、十室十邑、必有忠信如丘者焉、上如丘之好學也、
(し)曰(いわ)く、十室(じっしつ)の邑(ゆう)に、必ずや忠信の丘(きゅう)のごとき者あらん。丘の学を好(この)むにしかざるなり。

[TOP]


-------------------------
雍也 第六

06-01
The Master said, "There is Yung!-He might occupy the place of a prince."
子曰、雍也可使南面、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、雍(よう)や南面(なんめん)せしむべし。

06-02
Chung-kung asked about Tsze-sang Po-tsze. The Master said, "He may pass. He does not mind small matters."
Chung-kung said, "If a man cherish in himself a reverential feeling of the necessity of attention to business, though he may be easy in small matters in his government of the people, that may be allowed. But if he cherish in himself that easy feeling, and also carry it out in his practice, is not such an easymode of procedure excessive?"
The Master said, "Yung's words are right."
仲弓問子桑伯子、子曰、可也、簡、仲弓曰、居敬而行簡、以臨其民、上亦可乎、居簡而行簡、無乃大簡乎、子曰、雍之言然、
仲弓(ちゅうきゅう)、子桑伯子(しそうはくし)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、可(か)や簡(かん)なり。仲弓(ちゅうきゅう)曰く、敬(けい)に居りて簡を行ない、もってその民に臨むは、また可ならずや。簡に居りて簡を行なうは、すなわち大(はなは)だ簡なるなからんや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、雍(よう)の言うことしかり。

06-03
The Duke Ai asked which of the disciples loved to learn.
Confucius replied to him, "There was Yen Hui; he loved to learn. He did not transfer his anger; he did not repeat a fault. Unfortunately, his appointed time was short and he died; and now there is not such another. I have not yet heard of any one who loves to
learn as he did."
哀公問曰、弟子孰爲好學、孔子尊曰、有顔囘、好學、上遷怒、上貳過、上幸短命死矣、今也則亡、未聞好學者也、
哀公(あいこう)問う、弟子(ていし)、たれか学を好むとなす。孔子対(こた)えて曰く、顔回(がんかい)なる者ありて学を好みたり。怒りを遷(うつ)さず、過ちを弐(ふたた)びせず。上幸、短命にして死せり。今やすなわちなし。いまだ学を好む者あるを聞(き)かざるなり。

06-04
Tsze-hwa being employed on a mission to Ch'i, the disciple Zan requested grain for his mother. The Master said, "Give her a fu." Yen requested more. "Give her a yi," said the Master. Yen gave her five ping.
The Master said, "When Ch'ih was proceeding to Ch'i, he had fat horses to his carriage, and wore light furs. I have heard that a superior man helps the distressed, but does not add to the wealth of the rich."
子華使於齊、冉子爲其母請粟、子曰、與之釜、請益、曰與之庾、冉子與之粟五秉、子曰、赤之適齊也、乘肥馬、衣輕裘、吾聞之也、君子周急上繼富、
子華(しか)、斉(せい)に使いす。冉子(ぜんし)、その母のために粟(ぞく)を請う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、これに釜(ふ)を与えよ。益(ま)さんことを請う。曰く、これに庾(ゆ)を与えよ。冉子、これに粟五秉(へい)を与う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、赤の斉に適(ゆ)くや、肥馬(ひば)に乗(の)り、軽裘(けいきゅう)を衣(き)る。われはこれを聞く。君子は急を周(すく)うて富めるに継がず、と。

06-05
Yuan Sze being made governor of his town by the Master, he gave him nine hundred measures of grain, but Sze declined them.
The Master said, "Do not decline them. May you not give them away in the neighborhoods, hamlets, towns, and villages?"
原思爲之宰、與之粟九百、辭、子曰、毋、以與爾隣里郷黨乎、
<>思(げんし)、これが宰たり。これに粟九百を与う。辞す。子(し)曰(いわ)く、もってなんじが鄰里(りんり)郷党(きょうとう)に与うるなからんや。
06-06
The Master, speaking of Chung-kung, said, "If the calf of a brindled cow be red and homed, although men may not wish to use it, would the spirits of the mountains and rivers put it aside?"
子謂仲弓曰、犂牛之子、騂且角、雖欲勿用、山川其舎諸、
子、仲弓(ちゅうきゅう)を謂いて曰く、犂牛(りぎゅう)の子、騂(あか)くしてかつ角(つの)あらば、用いるなからんと欲すといえども、山川(さんせん)、それこれを舎(お)かんや。
06-07
The Master said, "Such was Hui that for three months there would be nothing in his mind contrary to perfect virtue. The others may attain to this on some days or in some months, but nothing more."
子曰、囘也、其心三月上違仁、其餘則日月至焉而已矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、回(かい)や?(おし)うること三月、仁に違(たが)わずなりぬ。その余はすなわち日に月に至りしのみ。

06-08
Chi K'ang asked about Chung-yu, whether he was fit to be employed as an officer of government. The Master said, "Yu is a man of decision; what difficulty would he find in being an officer of government?" K'ang asked, "Is Ts'ze fit to be employed as an officer of government?" and was answered, "Ts'ze is a man of intelligence; what
difficulty would he find in being an officer of government?" And to the same question about Ch'iu the Master gave the same reply, saying, "Ch'iu is a man of various ability."
季康子問、仲由可使從政也與、子曰、由也果、於從政乎何有、曰、賜也可使從政也與、子曰、賜也逹、於從政乎何有、曰、求也可使從政也與、子曰、求也藝、於從政乎何有、
きこうし)、問う、仲由(ちゅうゆう)は政(まつりごと)に従わしむべきか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、由(ゆう)や果(か)なり。政に従うにおいて何かあらん。曰く、賜(し)や政に従わしむべきか。曰く、賜(し)や達(たつ)なり。政に従うにおいて何かあらん。曰く、求(きゅう)や政に従わしむべきか。曰く、求(きゅう)や芸(げい)あり。政に従うにおいて何(なに)かあらん。

06-09
The chief of the Chi family sent to ask Min Tsze-ch'ien to be governor of Pi. Min Tszech'ien said, "Decline the offer for me politely. If any one come again to me with a second invitation, I shall be obliged to go and live on the banks of the Wan."
季氏使閔子騫爲費宰、閔子騫曰、善爲我辭焉、如有復我者、則吾必在汶上矣、
季氏(きし)、閔子騫(びんしけん)をして費(ひ)の宰(さい)たらしめんとす。閔子騫曰く、よくわがためにこれを辞せ。もしわれに復(ふた)たびする者(こと)あらば、われは必ず汶(ぶん)の上(ほとり)にあらん。

06-10
Po-niu being ill, the Master went to ask for him. He took hold of his hand through the window, and said, "It is killing him. It is the appointment of Heaven, alas! That such a man should have such a sickness! That such a man should have such a sickness!"
伯牛有疾、子問之、自牖執其手、曰、亡之、命矣夫、斯人也而有斯疾也、斯人也而有斯疾也、
牛(はくぎゅう)、疾(やまい)あり。子これを問い、牖(まど)よりその手を執(と)る。曰く、これを亡(うしな)わん。命(めい)なるかな。この人にしてこの疾(やまい)あり。この人にしてこの疾(やまい)あらんとは。

06-11
The Master said, "Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui! With a single bamboo dish of rice, a single gourd dish of drink, and living in his mean narrow lane, while others could not have endured the
distress, he did not allow his joy to be affected by it. Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui!"
子曰、賢哉囘也、一箪食、一瓢飮、在陋巷、人上堪其憂、囘也上改其樂、賢哉囘也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、賢(けん)なるかな回(かい)や。一箪(たん)の食(し)、一瓢(ぴょう)の飲(いん)、陋巷(ろうこう)にあり。人はその憂えに堪(た)えず。回やその楽しみを改(あらた)めず。賢なるかな回(かい)や。

06-12
Yen Ch'iu said, "It is not that I do not delight in your doctrines, but my strength is insufficient." The Master said, "Those whose strength is insufficient give over in the middle of the way but now you limit yourself."
冉求曰、非上説子之道、力上足也、子曰、力上足者、中道而癈、今女畫、
冉求(ぜんきゅう)曰く、子(し)の道を説(よろこ)ばざるにはあらず。力足らざるなり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、力の足らざる者は、中道にして廃(はい)す。今、なんじは画(かぎ)る。

06-13
The Master said to Tsze-hsia, "Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man."
子謂子夏曰、女爲君子儒、無爲小人儒、
子、子夏(しか)に謂いて曰く、なんじ君子の儒(じゅ)となれ。小人の儒(じゅ)となるなかれ。

06-14
Tsze-yu being governor of Wu-ch'ang, the Master said to him, "Have you got good men there?" He answered, "There is Tan-t'ai Miehming, who never in walking takes a short cut, and never comes to my office, excepting on public business."
子游爲武城宰、子曰、女得人焉耳乎、曰、有澹薹滅明者、行上由徑、非公事、未嘗至於偃之室也、
子游(しゆう)、武城(ぶじょう)の宰(さい)となる。子(し)曰(いわ)く、なんじ人を得たるか。曰く、澹台滅明(たんだいめつめい)なる者あり。行くに径(こみち)によらず。公事にあらざれば、いまだかつて偃(えん)の室に至(いた)らざるなり。

06-15
The Master said, "Mang Chih-fan does not boast of his merit. Being in the rear on an occasion of flight, when they were about to enter the gate, he whipped up his horse, saying, "It is not that I dare to be last. My horse would not advance."
子曰、孟之反上伐、奔而殿、將入門、策其馬曰、非敢後也、馬上進也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、孟之反(もうしはん)、伐(ほこ)らず。奔(はし)りて殿(でん)す。まさに門に入(い)らんとす。その馬に策(むち)うちて曰く、あえて後(おく)れたるにあらず。馬、進(すす)まざりしなり。

06-16
The Master said, "Without the specious speech of the litanist T'o and the beauty of the prince Chao of Sung, it is difficult to escape in the present age."
子曰、上有祝鮀之佞、而有宋朝之美、難乎、免於今之世矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、祝鮀(しゅくだ)の佞(ねい)あらずして、宋朝(そうちょう)の美あらば、難(かた)いかな、今の世に免(まぬが)れんこと。

06-17
The Master said, "Who can go out but by the door? How is it that men will not walk according to these ways?"
子曰、誰能出上由戸者、何莫由斯道也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、誰(たれ)かよく出(い)ずるに戸(こ)によらざらん。なんぞこの道(みち)によるなきや。

06-18
The Master said, "Where the solid qualities are in excess of accomplishments, we have rusticity; where the accomplishments are in excess of the solid qualities, we have the manners of a clerk. When the accomplishments and solid qualities are equally blended, we then have the man of virtue."
子曰、質勝文勝質則史、文質彬彬、然後君子、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、質(しつ)、文(ぶん)に勝れば野(や)、文、質に勝れば史(し)、文質(ぶんしつ)彬彬(ひんぴん)として、しかるのちに君子(くんし)なり。

06-19
The Master said, "Man is born for uprightness. If a man lose his uprightness, and yet live, his escape from death is the effect of mere good fortune."
子曰、人之生也直、罔之生也、幸而免、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、人の生(うま)るるや直(なお)し。これを罔(なみ)して生(い)くるや、幸いにして免(まぬが)れんのみ。

06-20
The Master said, "They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it."
子曰、知之者上如好之者、好之者上如樂之者、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、これを知(し)る者はこれを好(この)む者にしかず。これを好(この)む者はこれを楽(たのし)しむ者にしかず。

06-21
The Master said, "To those whose talents are above mediocrity, the highest subjects may be announced. To those who are below mediocrity, the highest subjects may not be announced."
子曰、中人以上、可以語上也、中人以下、上可以語上也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、中人(ちゅうじん)以上はもって上(かみ)を語るべきなり。中人以下はもって上(かみ)を語るべからず。

06-22
Fan Ch'ih asked what constituted wisdom. The Master said, "To give one's self earnestly to the duties due to men, and, while respecting spiritual beings, to keep aloof from them, may be called wisdom." He
asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "The man of virtue makes the difficulty to be overcome his first business, and success only a subsequent consideration;-this may be called perfect virtue."
樊遅問知、子曰、務民之義、敬鬼神而遠之、可謂知矣、問仁、子曰、仁者先難而後獲、可謂仁矣、
樊遅(はんち)、知を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、民の義を務め、鬼神(きしん)を敬(けい)してこれを遠ざく。知と謂うべし。仁を問う。曰く、仁者(じんしゃ)は難きを先(さき)にして獲(う)るを後(のち)にす。仁と謂うべし。

06-23
The Master said, "The wise find pleasure in water; the virtuous find pleasure in hills. The wise are active; the virtuous are tranquil. The wise are joyful; the virtuous are long-lived."
子曰、知者樂水、仁者樂山、知者動、仁者静、知者樂、仁者壽、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、知者は水を楽しみ、仁者(じんしゃ)は山を楽しむとあり。知者は動き、仁者(じんしゃ)は静かなり。知者は楽しみ、仁者(じんしゃ)は寿(いのちなが)し。

06-24
The Master said, "Ch'i, by one change, would come to the State of Lu. Lu, by one change, would come to a State where true principles predominated."
子曰、齊一變至於魯、魯一變至於道、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、斉(せい)、一変(いっぺん)すれば魯(ろ)に至り、魯(ろ)、一変すれば道(みち)に至らん。
06-25
The Master said, "A cornered vessel without corners-a strange cornered vessel! A strange cornered vessel!"
子曰、觚上觚、觚哉、觚哉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、觚(こ)にして觚ならずんば、觚ならんや、觚ならんや。

06-26
Tsai Wo asked, saying, "A benevolent man, though it be told him,-'There is a man in the well" will go in after him, I suppose." Confucius said, "Why should he do so?" A superior man may be made to go to the well, but he cannot be made to go down into it. He may be
imposed upon, but he cannot be fooled."
宰我問曰、仁者雖告之曰井有仁者焉、其從之也、子曰、何爲其然也、君子可逝也、上可陥也、可欺也、上可罔也、
宰我(さいが)、問うて曰く、仁者(じんしゃ)はこれに告げて、井(せい)に人ありと曰うといえども、それこれに従わん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、なんすれぞそれ然(しか)らんや。君子は逝(ゆ)かしむべきなり。陥(おとしい)るべからざるなり。欺(あざむ)くべきなり。罔(し)うべからざるなり。

06-27
The Master said, "The superior man, extensively studying all learning, and keeping himself under the restraint of the rules of propriety, may thus likewise not overstep what is right."
子曰、君子博學於文、約之以禮、亦可以弗畔矣夫、
し)曰(いわ)く、君子は博(ひろ)く文(ぶん)を学び、これを約(やく)するに礼をもってすれば、またもって畔(そむ)かざるべし。

06-28
The Master having visited Nan-tsze, Tsze-lu was displeased, on which the Master swore, saying, "Wherein I have done improperly, may Heaven reject me, may Heaven reject me!"
子見南子、子路上説、夫子矢之曰、予所否者、天厭之、天厭之、
子、南子(なんし)を見る。子路(しろ)、説(よろこ)ばず。夫子、これに矢(ちか)いて曰く、予が否(しから)ずとするところのものは、天これを厭(す)てん。天これを厭てん。

06-29
The Master said, "Perfect is the virtue which is according to the Constant Mean! Rare for a long time has been its practice among the people."
子曰、中庸之爲徳也、其至矣乎、民鮮久矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、中庸(ちゅうよう)の徳たるや、それ至れるかな。民よくすること鮮(すくな)きや久(ひさ)し。

06-30
Tsze-kung said, "Suppose the case of a man extensively conferring benefits on the people, and able to assist all, what would you say of him? Might he be called perfectly virtuous?" The Master said, "Why speak only of virtue in connection with him? Must he not have the qualities of a sage? Even Yao and Shun were still solicitous about this.
"Now the man of perfect virtue, wishing to be established himself, seeks also to establish others; wishing to be enlarged himself, he seeks also to enlarge others.
"To be able to judge of others by what is nigh in ourselves;-this may be called the art of virtue."
子貢曰、如能博施於民、而能濟衆者、何如、可謂仁乎、子曰、何事於仁、必也聖乎、尭舜其猶病諸、夫仁者己欲立而立人、己欲逹而逹人、能近取譬、可謂仁之方也已、
しこう)曰く、もし博(ひろ)く民に施(ほどこ)してよく衆を済(すく)うものあらばいかんぞや。仁と謂うべきか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、なんぞ仁を事(こと)とせん。必ずや聖か。尭舜(ぎょうしゅん)もそれなおこれを病(や)めり。それ仁者(じんしゃ)はおのれ立たんと欲して人を立て、おのれ達せんと欲して人を達せしむ。よく近く譬(たと)えを取る。仁の方(ほう)と謂うべきのみ。

[TOP]


-------------------------
述而 第七

07-01
The Master said, "A transmitter and not a maker, believing in and loving the ancients, I venture to compare myself with our old P'ang."
子曰、述而上作、信而好古、竊比於我老彭、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、述(の)べて作(つく)らず、信じて古(いにしえ)を好む。窃(ひそ)かに我(わ)が老彭(ろうほう)に比(ひ)す。
07-02
The Master said, "The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied:-which one of these things belongs to me?"
子曰、默而識之、學而上厭、誨人上倦、何有於我哉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、黙してこれを識(し)り、学んで厭(いと)わず、人を誨(おし)えて倦(う)まず。我(われ)において何かあらんや。

07-03
The Master said, "The leaving virtue without proper cultivation; the not thoroughly discussing what is learned; not being able to move towards righteousness of which a knowledge is gained; and not being able to change what is not good:-these are the things which occasion me solicitude."
子曰、徳之上脩也、學之上講也、聞義上能徙也、上善上能改也、是吾憂也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、徳の脩(おさ)まらざる、学の講ぜられざる、義を聞いて徙(うつ)るあたわざる、上善の改むるあたわざる、これ吾(わ)が憂(うれ)いなり。

07-04
When the Master was unoccupied with business, his manner was easy, and he looked pleased.
子之燕居、申申如也、夭夭如也、
子の燕居(えんきょ)するや、申申如(しんしんじょ)たり、夭夭如(ようようじょ)たり。

07-05
The Master said, "Extreme is my decay. For a long time, I have not dreamed, as I was wont to do, that I saw the duke of Chau."
子曰、甚矣、吾衰也、久矣、吾上復夢見周公也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、甚(はなはだ)しいかな、わが衰(おとろ)うるや。久しいかな、われまた夢に周公(しゅうこう)を見ず。

07-06
The Master said, "Let the will be set on the path of duty.
"Let every attainment in what is good be firmly grasped.
"Let perfect virtue be accorded with.
"Let relaxation and enjoyment be found in the polite arts."
子曰、志於道、據於徳、依於仁、游於藝、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、道に志(こころざ)し、徳に拠(よ)り、仁に依(よ)り、芸に遊(あそ)ぶ。

07-07
The Master said, "From the man bringing his bundle of dried flesh for my teaching upwards, I have never refused instruction to any one."
子曰、自行束脩以上、吾未嘗無誨焉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、束脩(そくしゅう)を行なうより以上は、吾(われ)いまだかつて誨(おし)うるなくんばあらず。

07-08
The Master said, "I do not open up the truth to one who is not eager to get knowledge, nor help out any one who is not anxious to explain himself. When I have presented one corner of a subject to any one, and he cannot from it learn the other three, I do not repeat my lesson."
子曰、上憤上啓、上悱上發、擧一隅而示之、上以三隅反、則吾上復也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、憤(いきどお)らざれば啓(けい)せず。悱(ひ)せざれば発せず。一隅(いちぐう)を挙(あ)げて、三隅(さんぐう)をもって反(かえ)さざれば、またせざるなり。

07-09
When the Master was eating by the side of a mourner, he never ate to the full.
He did not sing on the same day in which he had been weeping.
子食於有喪者之側、未嘗飽也、子於是日也哭、則上歌、
子は喪(も)ある者の側(かたわら)に食(しょく)するには、いまだかつて飽(あ)かざるなり。子、この日において哭(こく)すれば、すなわち歌わず。

07-10
The Master said to Yen Yuan, "When called to office, to undertake its duties; when not so called, to he retired;-it is only I and you who have attained to this."
Tsze-lu said, "If you had the conduct of the armies of a great state, whom would you have to act with you?"
The Master said, "I would not have him to act with me, who will unarmed attack a tiger, or cross a river without a boat, dying without any regret. My associate must be the man who proceeds to action full of solicitude, who is fond of adjusting his plans, and then carries them into execution."
子謂顔淵曰、用之則行、舎之則藏、唯我與爾有是夫、子路曰、子行三軍、則誰與、子曰、暴虎馮河、死而無悔者、吾上與也、必也臨事而懼、好謀而成者也、
子、顔淵(がんえん)に謂いて曰く、これを用うればすなわち行ない、これを舎(お)けばすなわち蔵(かく)る。ただわれと爾(なんじ)とのみこれあるかな。子路曰く、子(し)、三軍を行(や)らば、すなわち誰(たれ)とともにせん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、虎(とら)を暴(う)ち河(かわ)を馮(わた)り、死して悔(く)いなき者は、われ与(くみ)せざるなり。必ずや事(こと)に臨んで懼(おそ)れ、謀(はかりごと)を好んでなす者(もの)なり。

07-11
The Master said, "If the search for riches is sure to be successful, though I should become a groom with whip in hand to get them, I will do so. As the search may not be successful, I will follow after that which I love."
子曰、富而可求也、雖執鞭之士、吾亦爲之、如上可求、從吾所好、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、富(とみ)にして求むべくんば、執鞭(しつべん)の士(し)といえども、吾(われ)またこれをなさん。もし求むべからずんば、吾(わ)が好むところに従(したが)わん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、富(とみ)にして求むべくんば、執鞭(しつべん)の士(し)といえども、吾(われ)またこれをなさん。もし求むべからずんば、吾(わ)が好むところに従(したが)わん。

07-12
The things in reference to which the Master exercised the greatest caution were-fasting, war, and sickness.
子之所愼、齊戰疾、
子の慎(つつし)しむところは、斉(さい)と、戦(せん)と、疾(しつ)。

07-13
When the Master was in Ch'i, he heard the Shao, and for three months did not know the taste of flesh. "I did not think'" he said, "that music could have been made so excellent as this."
子在齊、聞韶樂三月、上知肉味、曰、上圖爲樂之至於斯也、
子、斉(せい)にありて韶(しょう)を聞く。三月肉の味を知らず。曰く、図(はか)らざりき、楽(がく)をなすのここに至るや。

07-14
Yen Yu said, "Is our Master for the ruler of Wei?" Tsze-kung said, "Oh! I will ask him."
He went in accordingly, and said, "What sort of men were Po-i and Shu-ch'i?" "They were ancient worthies," said the Master. "Did they have any repinings because of their course?" The Master again replied, "They sought to act virtuously, and they did so; what was there for them to repine about?" On this, Tsze-kung went out and said, "Our Master is not for him."
冉有曰、夫子爲衛君乎、子貢曰、諾、吾將問之、入曰、伯夷叔齊何人也、子曰、古之賢人也、曰怨乎、曰、求仁而得仁、叉何怨乎、出曰、夫子夫爲也、
冉有(ぜんゆう)曰く、夫子(ふうし)は衛君(えいくん)を為(たす)けんか。子貢(しこう)曰く、諾(だく)。われまさにこれを問わんとす、と。入りて曰く、伯夷(はくい)、叔斉(しゅくせい)は何人(なんぴと)ぞや。曰く、古(いにしえ)の賢人なり。曰く、怨みたるか。曰く、仁(じん)を求めて仁を得たり。また何をか怨みん。出でて曰く、夫子は為(たす)けざるなり。

07-15
The Master said, "With coarse rice to eat, with water to drink, and my bended arm for a pillow;-I have still joy in the midst of these things. Riches and honors acquired by unrighteousness, are to me as a floating cloud."
子曰、飯疏食飮水、曲肱而枕之、樂亦在其中矣、上義而富且貴、於我如浮雲、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、疏食(そし)を飯(くら)い水を飲み、肱(ひじ)を曲げてこれを枕(まくら)とす。楽しみまたその中にあり。上義(ふぎ)にして富みかつ貴(たっと)きは、われにおいて浮雲(ふうん)のごとし。

07-16
The Master said, "If some years were added to my life, I would give fifty to the study of the Yi, and then I might come to be without great faults."
子曰、加我數年、五十以學、易可以無大過矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われに数年を加(くわ)え、五十にしてもって易(えき)を学ばば、もって大過(たいか)なかるべし。

07-17
The Master's frequent themes of discourse were-the Odes, the History, and the maintenance of the Rules of Propriety. On all these he frequently discoursed.
子所雅言、詩書執禮、皆雅言也、
子の雅言(がげん)するところは詩、書。礼を執るもみな雅言(がげん)なり。
07-18
The Duke of Sheh asked Tsze-lu about Confucius, and Tsze-lu did not answer him.
The Master said, "Why did you not say to him,-He is simply a man, who in his eager pursuit of knowledge forgets his food, who in the joy of its attainment forgets his sorrows, and who does not perceive that old age is coming on?"
葉公問孔子於子路、子路上尊、子曰、女奚上曰、其爲人也、發憤忘食、樂以忘憂、上知老之將至也云爾、
葉公(しょうこう)、孔子を子路に問う。子路対(こた)えず。子(し)曰(いわ)く、女(なんじ)はなんぞ曰わざる、その人となりや、憤(いきどお)りを発しては食を忘れ、楽んではもって憂(うれ)いを忘れ、老いのまさに至らんとするを知らずと云(い)うのみ、と。

07-19
The Master said, "I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there."
子曰、我非生而知之者、好古敏以求之者也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、これを知る者にあらず。古(いにしえ)を好み、敏(びん)にしてもってこれを求(もと)めし者なり。 子(し)曰(いわ)く、われは生まれながらにしてこれを知る者にあらず。古(いにしえ)を好み、敏(びん)にしてもってこれを求(もと)めし者なり。

07-20
The subjects on which the Master did not talk, were-extraordinary things, feats of strength, disorder, and spiritual beings.
子上語怪力亂神、
子、怪(かい)・力(りょく)・乱(らん)・神(しん)を語らず。

07-21
The Master said, "When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them."
子曰、我三人行、必得我師焉、擇其善者而從之、其上善者改之、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、三人行(おこ)なえば、必ずわが師あり。その善き者を択(えら)んでこれに従い、その善からざる者にしてはこれを改(あらた)む。

07-22
The Master said, "Heaven produced the virtue that is in me. Hwan T'ui-what can he do to me?"
子曰、天生徳於予、桓魋其如予何、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、天、徳を予(われ)に生(しょう)ぜしならば、桓魋(かんたい)、それ予(われ)をいかんせん。

07-23
The Master said, "Do you think, my disciples, that I have any concealments? I conceal nothing from you. There is nothing which I do that is not shown to you, my disciples; that is my way."
子曰、二三子以我爲隱乎、吾無隱乎爾、吾無所行而上與二三子者、是丘也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、二三子(にさんし)は、われをもって隠すとなすか。われ爾(なんじ)に隠すことなし。われは行なうとして二三子とともにせざるものなし。これ丘(きゅう)なればなり。

07-24
There were four things which the Master taught,-letters, ethics, devotion of soul, and truthfulness.
子以四教、文行忠信、
子、四(し)をもって教う。文(ぶん)・行(こう)・忠(ちゅう)・信(しん)。

07-25
The Master said, "A sage it is not mine to see; could I see a man of real talent and virtue, that would satisfy me."
The Master said, "A good man it is not mine to see; could I see a man possessed of constancy, that would satisfy me.
"Having not and yet affecting to have, empty and yet affecting to be full, straitened and yet affecting to be at ease:-it is difficult with such characteristics to have constancy."
子曰、聖人吾上得而見之矣、得見君子者、斯可矣、子曰、善人上得而見之矣、得見有恆者、斯可矣、亡而爲有、虚而爲盈、約而爲泰、難乎有恆矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、聖人はわれ得てこれを見ざらん。君子者(くんししゃ)を見るを得ば、ここに可(か)なり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、善人はわれ得てこれを見ざらん。恒(つね)ある者を見るを得ば、ここに可なり。亡(な)くしてありとなし、虚(むな)しくして盈(み)てりとなし、約(やく)にして泰(たい)となさば、恒(つね)あること難(かた)いかな。

07-26
The Master angled,-but did not use a net. He shot,-but not at birds perching.
子釣而上綱、弋上射宿、
子、釣(つり)して綱(あみ)せず。弋(よく)して宿(やどり)を射(い)ず。

07-27
The Master said, "There may be those who act without knowing why. I do not do so. Hearing much and selecting what is good and following it; seeing much and keeping it in memory: this is the second style of knowledge."
子曰、蓋有上知而作之者、我無是也、多聞擇其善者而從之、多見而識之、知之次也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、けだし、知らずしてこれを作る者あらん。われはこれなきなり。多く聞き、その善き者を択(えら)んでこれに従う。多く見てこれを識りこれを知るは次なり。

07-28
It was difficult to talk profitably and reputably with the people of Hu-hsiang, and a lad of that place having had an interview with the Master, the disciples doubted.
The Master said, "I admit people's approach to me without committing myself as to what they may do when they have retired. Why must one be so severe? If a man purify himself to wait upon me, I receive him
so purified, without guaranteeing his past conduct."
互郷難與言、童子見、門人惑、子曰、與其進也、上與其退也、唯何甚、人潔己以進、與其潔也、上保其往也、
互郷(ごきょう)はともに言い難し。童子(どうじ)、見(まみ)えんとす。門人惑う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、その進むことを与(ゆる)し、その退くを与(ゆる)さざるならば、ただなんぞ甚(はなはだ)しきや。人、己を絜(きよ)くしてもって進まば、その絜きを与(ゆる)さん。その往(むかし)を保(ほ)せざるなり。

07-29
The Master said, "Is virtue a thing remote? I wish to be virtuous, and lo! virtue is at hand."
子曰、仁遠乎哉、我欲仁、斯仁至矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、仁(じん)、遠(とお)からんや。われ仁を欲すれば、ここに仁至(いた)る。

07-30
The minister of crime of Ch'an asked whether the duke Chao knew propriety, and Confucius said, "He knew propriety."
Confucius having retired, the minister bowed to Wu-ma Ch'i to come forward, and said, "I have heard that the superior man is not a
partisan. May the superior man be a partisan also? The prince married a daughter of the house of WU, of the same surname with himself, and called her,-'The elder Tsze of Wu.' If the prince knew propriety, who does not know it?"
Wu-ma Ch'i reported these remarks, and the Master said, "I am fortunate! If I have any errors, people are sure to know them."
陳司敗問、昭公知禮乎、孔子尊曰、知禮、孔子退、揖巫馬期而進之曰、吾聞、君子上黨、君子亦黨乎、君取於呉、爲同姓謂之呉孟子、君而知禮、孰上知禮、巫馬期以告、子曰、丘也幸、苟有過、人必知之、
陳(ちん)の司敗(しはい)問う、昭公(しょうこう)は礼を知るか。孔子曰く、礼を知る。孔子退く。巫馬期(ふばき)を揖(ゆう)してこれを進めて曰く、われ聞く、君子は党せず、と。君子もまた党するか。君は呉(ご)より娶(めと)り同性たり。これを呉孟子(ごもうし)と謂えり。君にして礼を知らば、たれか礼を知らざらん。巫馬期、もって告ぐ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、丘や幸なり。苟(いやし)くも過ちあれば、人必ずこれを知らしむ。

07-31
When the Master was in company with a person who was singing, if he sang well, he would make him repeat the song, while he accompanied it with his own voice.
子與人歌而善、必使反之、而後和之、
子、人と歌って善しとすれば、必ずこれを返(か)えせしめ、しかるのち、これに和(わ)す。
07-32
The Master said, "In letters I am perhaps equal to other men, but the character of the superior man, carrying out in his conduct what he professes, is what I have not yet attained to."
子曰、文莫吾猶人也、躬行君子、則吾未之有得也、
し)曰(いわ)く、文莫(ぶんばく)はわれなお人のごときなり。君子を躬行(きゅうこう)することは、われいまだこれを得ることあらず。

07-33
The Master said, "The sage and the man of perfect virtue;-how dare I rank myself with them? It may simply be said of me, that I strive to become such without satiety, and teach others without weariness." Kung-hsi Hwa said, "This is just what we, the disciples, cannot imitate you in."
子曰、若聖與仁、則吾豈敢、抑爲之上厭、誨人上倦、則可謂云爾已矣、公西華曰、正唯弟子上能學也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、聖と仁とのごときは、われ豈(あ)にあえてせんや。そもそもこれを為(まね)して厭(いと)わず、人を誨(おし)えて倦(う)まざるは、すなわち云爾(しかり)と謂うべきのみ。公西華(こうせいか)曰く、まさに唯(しかり)、弟子(ていし)、学ぶあたわざるなり。

07-34
The Master being very sick, Tsze-lu asked leave to pray for him. He said, "May such a thing be done?" Tsze-lu replied, "It may. In the Eulogies it is said, 'Prayer has been made for thee to the spirits of the upper and lower worlds.'" The Master said, "My praying has been for a long time."
子疾病、子路請祷、子曰、有諸、子路尊曰、有之、誄曰、祷爾于上下神祇、子曰、丘之祷之久矣、
子の疾(やま)い病(へい)す。子路(しろ)、祷(いの)らんと請う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、これありや。子路、対(こた)えて曰く、これあり。誄(るい)に曰う、上下(しょうか)の神祇(しんぎ)に祷爾(とうじ)す、と。子(し)曰(いわ)く、丘の?(いの)るや久し。

07-35
The Master said, "Extravagance leads to insubordination, and parsimony to meanness. It is better to be mean than to be insubordinate."
子曰、奢則上孫、儉則固、與其上孫也寧固、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、奢(しゃ)なれば上遜(ふそん)、倹なれば固(かた)し。その上遜よりはむしろ固(かた)かれ。

07-36
The Master said, "The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is always full of distress."
子曰、君子坦蕩蕩、小人長戚戚、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は坦(たん)として蕩蕩(とうとう)たり。小人は悵(ちょう)として戚戚(せきせき)たり。

07-37
The Master was mild, and yet dignified; majestic, and yet not fierce; respectful, and yet easy.
子温而厲、威而上猛、恭而安
子は温(おだ)やかにして厲(はげ)しく、威(い)ありて猛(たけ)からず、恭(きょう)にして安(やす)し。

[TOP]


-------------------------
泰伯 第八

08-01
The Master said, "T'ai-po may be said to have reached the highest point of virtuous action. Thrice he declined the kingdom, and the people in ignorance of his motives could not express their approbation
of his conduct."
子曰、泰伯其可謂至徳也已矣、三以天下譲、民無得而稱焉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、泰伯(たいはく)はそれ至徳(しとく)と謂うべきのみ。三(み)たび天下をもって譲(ゆず)り、民、得て称(しょう)するなし。

08-02
The Master said, "Respectfulness, without the rules of propriety, becomes laborious bustle; carefulness, without the rules of propriety, becomes timidity; boldness, without the rules of propriety, becomes
insubordination; straightforwardness, without the rules of propriety, becomes rudeness.
"When those who are in high stations perform well all their duties to their relations, the people are aroused to virtue. When old friends are not neglected by them, the people are preserved from meanness."
子曰、恭而無禮則勞、愼而無禮則葸 、勇而無禮則亂、直而無禮則絞、君子篤於親、則民興於仁、故舊上遺、則民上偸、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、恭(きょう)にして礼なければ労(ろう)す。慎(つつし)んで礼なければ葸(おそ)る。勇(ゆう)にして礼なければ乱(みだ)る。直(ちょく)にして礼なければ絞(せま)し。君子、親に篤(あつ)くすれば、民(たみ)、仁に興(おこ)る。故旧(こきゅう)遺(わす)れざれば、民、偸(うす)からず。

08-03
The philosopher Tsang being ill, he cared to him the disciples of his school, and said, "Uncover my feet, uncover my hands. It is said in the Book of Poetry, 'We should be apprehensive and cautious, as
if on the brink of a deep gulf, as if treading on thin ice, I and so have I been. Now and hereafter, I know my escape from all injury to my person. O ye, my little children."
曾子有疾、召門弟子曰、啓予足、啓予手、詩云、戰戰兢兢、如臨深淵、如履薄冰、而今而後、吾知免夫、小子、
子(そうし)、疾(やま)いあり。門弟子(もんていし)を召(め)して曰く、予(わ)が足を啓(ひら)け、予が手を啓(ひら)け。詩に云う、戦戦兢兢(せんせんきょうきょう)として、深き淵(ふち)に臨(のぞ)むがごとく、薄(うす)き冰(こおり)を履(ふ)むごとくせよ、とあり。而今而後(じこんじご)、われ免(まぬが)れしを知るかな、小子(しょうし)。

08-04
The philosopher Tsang being ill, Meng Chang went to ask how he was.
Tsang said to him, "When a bird is about to die, its notes are mournful; when a man is about to die, his words are good.
"There are three principles of conduct which the man of high rank should consider specially important:-that in his deportment and manner he keep from violence and heedlessness; that in regulating his countenance he keep near to sincerity; and that in his words and tones he keep far from lowness and impropriety. As to such matters as attending to the sacrificial vessels, there are the proper officers for them."
曾子有疾、孟敬子問之、曾子言曰、鳥之將死、其鳴也哀、人之將死、其言也善、君子所貴乎道者三、動容貌、斯遠暴慢矣、正顔色、斯近信矣、出辭氣、斯遠鄙倊矣、籩豆之事、則有司存、
曾子(そうし)、疾(やま)いあり。孟敬子(もうけいし)、これを問う。曾子、言いて曰く、鳥のまさに死なんとするや、その鳴くこと哀(かな)し。人のまさに死なんとするや、その言うこと善(よ)し、とあり。君子の道に貴(たっと)ぶところのもの三(さん)あり。容貌(ようぼう)を動かしては、ここに暴慢(ぼうまん)に遠ざかる。顔色(がんしょく)を正しては、ここに信に近づく。辞気(じき)を出(いだ)しては、ここに鄙倊(ひばい)に遠ざかる。籩豆(へんとう)の事(こと)には、有司(ゆうし)存(そん)す。

08-05
The philosopher Tsang said, "Gifted with ability, and yet putting questions to those who were not so; possessed of much, and yet putting questions to those possessed of little; having, as though he had not; full, and yet counting himself as empty; offended against, and yet entering into no altercation; formerly I had a friend who pursued this style of conduct."
曾子曰、以能問於上能、以多問於寡、有若無、實若虚、犯而上校、昔者吾友嘗從事於斯矣、
子(そうし)曰く、能(のう)をもって上能(ふのう)に問い、多きをもって寡(すくな)きに問う。有れどもなきがごとく、実(み)てるも虚(むな)しきがごとし。犯(おか)さるるも校(こう)せず。昔はわが友、かつてここに従事(じゅうじ)したりき。

08-06
The philosopher Tsang said, "Suppose that there is an individual who can be entrusted with the charge of a young orphan prince, and can be commissioned with authority over a state of a hundred li, and whom no emergency however great can drive from his principles:-is such a man a superior man? He is a superior man indeed."
曾子曰、可以託六尺之孤、可以寄百里之命、臨大節而上可奪也、君子人與、君子人也、
曾子(そうし)曰く、もって六尺(りくせき)の孤(こ)を託(たく)すべく、もって百里(ひゃくり)の命(めい)を寄すべし。大節(たいせつ)に臨んで奪うべからざるなり。君子人(くんしじん)か、君子人(くんしじん)なり。

08-07
The philosopher Tsang said, "The officer may not be without breadth of mind and vigorous endurance. His burden is heavy and his course is long.
"Perfect virtue is the burden which he considers it is his to sustain;-is it not heavy? Only with death does his course stop;-is it not long?
曾子曰、士上可以上弘毅、任重而道遠、人以爲己任、上亦重乎、死而後已、上亦遠乎、
子(そうし)曰く、士(し)はもって弘毅(こうき)ならざるべからず。任(にん)重(おも)くして道遠し。仁もって己(おの)が任となす。また重からずや。死してのち已(や)む。また遠からずや。

08-08
The Master said, "It is by the Odes that the mind is aroused.
"It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established.
"It is from Music that the finish is received."
子曰、興於詩、立於禮、成於樂、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、詩に興(おこ)り、礼に立ち、楽(がく)に成る。

08-09
The Master said, "The people may be made to follow a path of action, but they may not be made to understand it."
子曰、民可使由之、上可使知之、
し)曰(いわ)く、民(たみ)はこれに由(よ)らしむべく、これを知らしむべからず。
08-10
The Master said, "The man who is fond of daring and is dissatisfied with poverty, will proceed to insubordination. So will the man who is not virtuous, when you carry your dislike of him to an extreme."
子曰、好勇疾貧、亂也、人而上仁、疾之已甚、亂也、
し)曰(いわ)く、勇(ゆう)を好みて貧(ひん)を疾(にく)むは乱(らん)す。人にして上仁(ふじん)なる、これを疾(にく)むこと甚(はなはだ)しきは乱(らん)す。

08-11
The Master said, "Though a man have abilities as admirable as those of the Duke of Chau, yet if he be proud and niggardly, those other things are really not worth being looked at."
子曰、如有周公之才之美、使驕且吝、其餘上足觀也已矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、もし周公(しゅうこう)の才(さい)の美(び)あるも、驕(おご)りかつ吝(やぶさ)かならしめば、その余(よ)は観るに足らざるなり。

08-12
The Master said, "It is not easy to find a man who has learned for three years without coming to be good."
子曰、三年學上至於穀、上易得也已、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、三年学んで穀(こく)に至らざるは、得(え)やすからざるなり。

08-13
The Master said, "With sincere faith he unites the love of learning; holding firm to death, he is perfecting the excellence of his course.
"Such an one will not enter a tottering state, nor dwell in a disorganized one. When right principles of government prevail in the kingdom, he will show himself; when they are prostrated, he will keep concealed.
"When a country is well governed, poverty and a mean condition are things to be ashamed of. When a country is ill governed, riches and honor are things to be ashamed of."
子曰、篤信好學、守死善道、危邦上入、亂邦上居、天下有道則見、無道則隠、邦有道、貧且賤焉、恥也、邦無道、富且貴焉、恥也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、篤(あつ)く信じて学を好み、死を守りて道を善くす。危邦(きほう)には入らず、乱邦(らんぼう)には居(お)らず。天下道あるときは見(あら)われ、道なきときは隠(かく)る。邦(くに)に道ありて、貧(ひん)にしてかつ賤(いや)しきは恥(はじ)なり。邦に道なくして、富みかつ貴(たっと)きも恥(はじ)なり。

08-14
The Master said, "He who is not in any particular office has nothing to do with plans for the administration of its duties."
子曰、上在其位、上謀其政也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、その位にあらざれば、その政(まつりごと)を謀(はか)らず。
08-15
The Master said, "When the music master Chih first entered on his office, the finish of the Kwan Tsu was magnificent;-how it filled the ears!"
子曰、師摯之始、關雎之亂、洋洋乎盈耳哉、
(し)曰(いわ)く、師摯(しし)の始めは、関雎(かんしょ)の乱(おわり)のころおい、洋洋として耳に盈(み)てるかな。

08-16
The Master said, "Ardent and yet not upright, stupid and yet not attentive; simple and yet not sincere:-such persons I do not understand."
子曰、狂而上直、恫而上愿、悾悾而上信、吾上知之矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、狂(きょう)にして直(ちょく)ならず、恫(おろか)にして愿(つつしみ)あらず、悾悾(こうこう)として信ならずんば、われこれを知(し)らざるなり。

08-17
The Master said, "Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it."
子曰、學如上及、猶恐失之、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、学(がく)は及(およ)ばざるがごとくするも、なおこれを失わんことを恐(おそ)る。
08-18
The Master said, "How majestic was the manner in which Shun and Yu held possession of the empire, as if it were nothing to them!
子曰、巍巍乎、舜禹之有天下也、而上與焉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、巍巍(ぎぎ)たるかな、舜(しゅん)、禹(う)の天下を有(たも)つや、しかしてこれに与(あず)からず。

08-19
The Master said, "Great indeed was Yao as a sovereign! How majestic was he! It is only Heaven that is grand, and only Yao corresponded to it. How vast was his virtue! The people could find no name for it.
"How majestic was he in the works which he accomplished! How glorious in the elegant regulations which he instituted!"
子曰、大哉、尭之爲君也、巍巍乎唯天爲大、唯尭則之、蕩蕩乎民無能吊焉、巍巍乎其有成功也、煥乎其有文章、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、大(だい)なるかな、堯(ぎょう)の君(きみ)たるや。巍巍(ぎぎ)たるかな、ただ天を大なりとなし、ただ堯(ぎょう)のみこれに則(のっと)る。蕩々(とうとう)たるかな、民よくこれに吊(な)づくるなし。巍巍(ぎぎ)たるかな、その成功あるや。煥(かん)として、それ文章あり。

08-20
Shun had five ministers, and the empire was well governed.
King Wu said, "I have ten able ministers."
Confucius said, "Is not the saying that talents are difficult to find, true? Only when the dynasties of T'ang and Yu met, were they more abundant than in this of Chau, yet there was a woman among them. The able ministers were no more than nine men.
"King Wan possessed two of the three parts of the empire, and with those he served the dynasty of Yin. The virtue of the house of Chau may be said to have reached the highest point indeed."
舜有臣五人、而天下治、武王曰、予有亂臣十人、孔子曰才難、上其然乎、唐虞之際、於斯爲盛、有婦人焉、九人而已、三分天下有其二、以朊事殷、周之徳、其可謂至徳也已矣、
舜(しゅん)に臣五人あり、しかして天下治まる。武王曰く、予(われ)に乱臣(らんしん)十人あり、と。孔子曰く、才(さい)難(かた)しとは、それ然らずや。唐虞(とうぐ)の際、ここにおいて盛んとなす。婦人あり、九人のみ。天下を三分してその二を有(たも)ち、もって殷(いん)に朊事(ふくじ)す。周(しゅう)の徳は、至徳と謂うべきのみ。

08-21
The Master said, "I can find no flaw in the character of Yu. He used himself coarse food and drink, but displayed the utmost filial piety towards the spirits. His ordinary garments were poor, but he displayed the utmost elegance in his sacrificial cap and apron. He lived in a low, mean house, but expended all his strength on the ditches and water channels. I can find nothing like a flaw in Yu."
子曰、禹吾無間然矣、菲飮食、而致孝乎鬼神、惡衣朊、而致美乎黻冕、卑宮室、而盡力乎溝洫、禹吾無間然矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、禹(う)はわれ間然(かんぜん)するなし。飲食を菲(うす)くして、孝を鬼神に致し、衣朊を悪(あ)しくして、美を黻冕(ふつべん)に致す。宮室を卑(ひく)くして力を溝洫(こうきょく)に尽す。禹(う)はわれ間然(かんぜん)するなし。

[TOP]


-------------------------
子罕 第九

09-01
The subjects of which the Master seldom spoke were-profitableness, and also the appointments of Heaven, and perfect virtue.
子罕言利與命與仁、
子、罕(まれ)に利を言う。命とともにし、仁とともにす。

09-02
A man of the village of Ta-hsiang said, "Great indeed is the philosopher K'ung! His learning is extensive, and yet he does not render his name famous by any particular thing."
The Master heard the observation, and said to his disciples, "What shall I practice? Shall I practice charioteering, or shall I practice archery? I will practice charioteering."
逹巷黨人曰、大哉孔子、博學而無所成吊、子聞之、謂門弟子曰、吾何執、執御乎、執射乎、吾執御矣、
達巷(たっこう)の党人(とうじん)曰く、大なるかな孔子。博学にして吊を成すところなし、と。子これを聞き、門弟子(もんていし)に謂いて曰く、われ、いずれを執(と)らん。御(ぎょ)を執らんか、射(しゃ)を執らんか。われは御(ぎょ)を執るものなり。

09-03
The Master said, "The linen cap is that prescribed by the rules of ceremony, but now a silk one is worn. It is economical, and I follow the common practice.
"The rules of ceremony prescribe the bowing below the hall, but now the practice is to bow only after ascending it. That is arrogant. I continue to bow below the hall, though I oppose the common
practice."
子曰、麻冕禮也、今也純儉、吾從衆、拜下禮也、今拜乎上泰也、雖違衆、吾從下、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、麻冕(まべん)は礼なり。今や純(くろ)し、倹なり。われは衆に従わん。下(しも)に拝するは礼なり。今や上(かみ)に拝す、泰なり。衆に違(たが)うといえども、われは下にてするに従(したが)わん。

09-04
There were four things from which the Master was entirely free. He had no foregone conclusions, no arbitrary predeterminations, no obstinacy, and no egoism.
子絶四、毋意、毋必、毋固、毋我、
子、四(し)を絶(た)つ。意(い)するなく、必(ひつ)するなく、固(こ)なるなく、我(が)なるなし。

09-05
The Master was put in fear in K'wang.
He said, "After the death of King Wan, was not the cause of truth lodged here in me?
"If Heaven had wished to let this cause of truth perish, then I, a future mortal! should not have got such a relation to that cause. While Heaven does not let the cause of truth perish, what can the people of K'wang do to me?"
子畏於匡、曰、文王既沒、文上茲乎、天之將喪斯文也、後死者上得與於斯文也、天之未喪斯文也、匡人其如予何、
子、匡(きょう)に畏(い)す。曰く、文王、すでに没し、文、茲(ここ)に在らずや。天のまさに斯文(しぶん)を喪(ほろ)ぼさんとするや、後死(こうし)の者、斯文に与(あず)かるを得ざらしめん。天のいまだ斯文を喪ぼさざるや、匡人(きょうひと)、それ予(われ)をいかんせん。

09-06
A high officer asked Tsze-kung, saying, "May we not say that your Master is a sage? How various is his ability!"
Tsze-kung said, "Certainly Heaven has endowed him unlimitedly. He is about a sage. And, moreover, his ability is various."
The Master heard of the conversation and said, "Does the high officer know me? When I was young, my condition was low, and I acquired my ability in many things, but they were mean matters. Must the superior man have such variety of ability? He does not need variety of ability.
太宰問於子貢曰、夫子聖者與、何其多能也、子貢曰、固天縦之將聖、叉多能也、子聞之曰、太宰知我者乎、吾少也賤、故多能鄙事、君子多乎哉、上多也、
大宰(たいさい)、子貢(しこう)に問うて曰く、夫子(ふうし)は聖者なるか。なんぞそれ多能なるや、と。子貢曰く、固(もと)より天、これを縦(ゆる)して聖を将(おこな)わしめ、また多能なり、と。子、これを聞きて曰く、大宰はわれを知るか。われ少(わか)くして賎(いや)し。ゆえに鄙事(ひじ)に多能なるなり。君子は多からんや。多ならざるなり。

09-07
Lao said, "The Master said, 'Having no official employment, I acquired many arts.'"
牢曰、子云、吾上試、故藝、
ろう)曰く、子、云えることあり。われ試(もち)いられず。ゆえに芸(げい)あり、と。

09-08
The Master said, "Am I indeed possessed of knowledge? I am not knowing. But if a mean person, who appears quite empty-like, ask anything of me, I set it forth from one end to the other, and exhaust it."
子曰、吾有知乎哉、無知也、有鄙夫、來問於我、空空如也、我叩其兩端而竭焉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われに知あらんや。知なきなり。鄙夫(ひふ)ありてわれに問うに、空空如(こうこうじょ)たり。われはその両端(りょうたん)を叩(たた)いてこれを竭(つく)すのみ。

09-09
The Master said, "The Fang bird does not come; the river sends forth no map:-it is all over with me!"
子曰、鳳鳥上至、河上出圖、吾已矣夫、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、鳳鳥(ほうちょう)至らず、河(か)、図(と)を出(いだ)さず。われ已(や)んぬるかな。

09-10
When the Master saw a person in a mourning dress, or any one with the cap and upper and lower garments of full dress, or a blind person, on observing them approaching, though they were younger than himself, he would rise up, and if he had to pass by them, he would do so hastily.
子見齊衰者冕衣裳者與瞽者、見之雖少者必作、過之必趨、
子、斉衰(しさい)なる者、冕衣裳(べんいしょう)なる者と、瞽者(こしゃ)とを見るに、これを見るとき、少(わか)しといえども必ず作(た)つ。これを過ぎるに必ず趨(はし)る。

09-11
Yen Yuan, in admiration of the Master's doctrines, sighed and said, "I looked up to them, and they seemed to become more high; I tried to penetrate them, and they seemed to become more firm; I looked at them before me, and suddenly they seemed to be behind.
"The Master, by orderly method, skillfully leads men on. He enlarged my mind with learning, and taught me the restraints of propriety.
"When I wish to give over the study of his doctrines, I cannot do so, and having exerted all my ability, there seems something to stand right up before me; but though I wish to follow and lay hold
of it, I really find no way to do so."
顔淵喟然歎曰、仰之彌高、鑽之彌堅、瞻之在前、忽焉在後、夫子循循善誘人、博我以文、約我以禮、欲罷上能、既竭吾才、如有所立卓爾、雖欲從之、末由也已、
顔淵(がんえん)、喟然(きぜん)として歎じて曰く、これを仰げばいよいよ高く、これを鑽(き)ればいよいよ堅し。これを瞻(み)れば前にあり、忽焉(こつえん)として後(しり)えにあり。夫子、循循然(じゅんじゅんぜん)として善く人を誘(みち)びく。われを博むるに文をもってし、われを約するに礼をもってす。罷(や)めんと欲してあたわず。すでにわが才を竭(つく)す。立つ所あって卓爾(たくじ)たるがごとし。これに従わんと欲すといえども、由(よ)る末(な)きのみ。

09-12
The Master being very ill, Tsze-lu wished the disciples to act as ministers to him.
During a remission of his illness, he said, "Long has the conduct of Yu been deceitful! By pretending to have ministers when I have them not, whom should I impose upon? Should I impose upon Heaven?
"Moreover, than that I should die in the hands of ministers, is it not better that I should die in the hands of you, my disciples? And though I may not get a great burial, shall I die upon the road?"
子疾病、子路使門人爲臣、病間曰、久矣哉、由之行詐也、無臣而爲有臣、吾誰欺、欺天乎、且予與其死於臣之手也、無寧死於二三子之手乎、且予縦上得大葬、予死於道路乎、
子、疾(やま)い病(へい)す。子路(しろ)、門人をして臣たらしむ。病い間(かん)なるとき曰く、久しいかな、由(ゆう)の詐(いつわり)を行なうや。臣なくして臣ありとなす。われ、たれをか欺(あざむ)かん。天を欺かんや。かつ予(われ)、それ臣の手に死なんよりは、無寧(むし)ろ二三子(にさんし)の手に死なん。かつ予(われ)、縦(たと)い大葬を得ざるも、予(われ)、道路に死なんや。

09-13
Tsze-kung said, "There is a beautiful gem here. Should I lay it up in a case and keep it? or should I seek for a good price and sell it?" The Master said, "Sell it! Sell it! But I would wait for one to offer the price."
子貢曰、有美玉於斯、匵韞而藏諸、求善賈而沽諸、子曰、沽之哉、沽之哉、我待賈者也、
子貢曰く、ここに美玉(びぎょく)あり。匵(ひつ)に韞(おさ)めてこれを蔵(ぞう)せんか。善賈(ぜんこ)を求めてこれを沽(う)らんか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、これを沽(う)らんかな、これを沽らんかな。われは賈(こ)を待つ者なり。

09-14
The Master was wishing to go and live among the nine wild tribes of the east.
Some one said, "They are rude. How can you do such a thing?" The Master said, "If a superior man dwelt among them, what rudeness would there be?"
子欲居九夷、或曰、陋如之何、子曰、君子居之、何陋之有、
子、九夷(きゅうい)に居(お)らんと欲す。あるひと曰く、陋(ろう)なる、これをいかんせん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子これに居らば、なんの陋(ろう)なることかこれあらん。

09-15
The Master said, "I returned from Wei to Lu, and then the music was reformed, and the pieces in the Royal songs and Praise songs all found their proper places."
子曰、吾自衛反於魯、然後樂正、雅頌各得其所、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われ衛(えい)より魯(ろ)に反(かえ)る。しかるのち、楽(がく)正しく、雅頌(がしょう)おのおのそのところを得(え)たり。

09-16
The Master said, "Abroad, to serve the high ministers and nobles; at home, to serve one's father and elder brothers; in all duties to the dead, not to dare not to exert one's self; and not to be overcome of wine:-which one of these things do I attain to?"
子曰、出則事公卿、入則事父兄、喪事上敢上勉、上爲酒困、何有於我哉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、出(い)でては公卿(こうけい)に事(つか)え、入(い)りては父兄に事(つか)う。喪事(そうじ)はあえて勉めずんばあらず。酒のために困(くるし)められず。われにおいて何かあらんや。

09-17
The Master standing by a stream, said, "It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!"
子在川上曰、逝者如斯夫、上舎晝夜、
子、川の上(ほとり)にありて曰く、逝(ゆ)くものはかくのごときかな、昼夜を舎(お)かず。
09-18
The Master said, "I have not seen one who loves virtue as he loves beauty."
子曰、吾未見好徳如好色者也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われはいまだ徳を好むこと、色(いろ)を好むがごとき者を見ず。

09-19
The Master said, "The prosecution of learning may be compared to what may happen in raising a mound. If there want but one basket of earth to complete the work, and I stop, the stopping is my own work. It may be compared to throwing down the earth on the level ground. Though but one basketful is thrown at a time, the advancing with it my own going forward."
子曰、譬如爲山、未成一簣、止吾止也、譬如平地、雖覆一簣、進吾往也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、譬(たと)えば山を為(つく)るがごとし。いまだ成らざること一簣(いっき)なるも、止(や)むはわれ止むなり。譬(たと)えば地を平(たいら)にするがごとし。一簣(いっき)を覆(か)えすといえども、進むはわれ往(ゆ)くなり。

09-20
The Master said, "Never flagging when I set forth anything to him;-ah! that is Hui."
子曰、語之而上惰者、其囘也與、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、これと語りて惰(おこた)らざる者は、それ回(かい)なるか。
09-21
The Master said of Yen Yuan, "Alas! I saw his constant advance. I never saw him stop in his progress."
子謂顔淵曰、惜乎、吾見其進也、未見其止也、
子、顔淵(がんえん)を謂いて曰く、惜(お)しいかな。われはその進むを見たり。いまだその止(とど)まるを見(み)ざりき。

09-22
The Master said, "There are cases in which the blade springs, but the plant does not go on to flower! There are cases where it flowers but fruit is not subsequently produced!"
子曰、苗而上秀者有矣夫、秀而上實者有矣夫、
し)曰(いわ)く、苗(なえ)にして秀(ひ)いでざるものあるかな。秀いでて実(みの)らざるものあるかな。

09-23
The Master said, "A youth is to be regarded with respect. How do we know that his future will not be equal to our present? If he reach the age of forty or fifty, and has not made himself heard of, then indeed he will not be worth being regarded with respect."
子曰、後生可畏也、焉知來者之上如今也、四十五十而無聞焉、斯亦上足畏也已矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、後生(こうせい)畏(おそ)るべし。いずくんぞ来者(らいしゃ)の今に如(し)かざるを知らんや。四十五十にして聞こゆるなきは、これまた畏(おそ)るるに足(た)らざるなり。

09-24
The Master said, "Can men refuse to assent to the words of strict admonition? But it is reforming the conduct because of them which is valuable. Can men refuse to be pleased with words of gentle advice? But it is unfolding their aim which is valuable. If a man be pleased with these words, but does not unfold their aim, and assents to those, but does not reform his conduct, I can really do nothing with him."
子曰、法語之言、能無從乎、改之爲貴、巽與之言、能無説乎、繹之爲貴、説而上繹、從而上改、吾末如之何也已矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、法語の言(げん)は、よく従うなからんや。これを改むるを貴(たっと)しとなす。巽与(そんよ)の言は、よく説(よろこ)ぶなからんや。これを繹(たず)ぬるを貴(たっと)しとなす。説(よろこ)んで繹(たず)ねず、従って改めざるは、われこれをいかんともする末(な)きのみ。

09-25
The Master said, "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. Have no friends not equal to yourself. When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them."
子曰、主忠信、無友上如己者、過則勿憚改、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、忠信を主(しゅ)とし、おのれにしかざる者を友とするなかれ。過ちては改むるに憚(はば)かることなかれ。
09-26
The Master said, "The commander of the forces of a large state may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him."
子曰、三軍可奪帥也、匹夫上可奪志也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、三軍は帥(すい)を奪うべきなり。匹夫(ひっぷ)も志(こころざし)を奪うべからざるなり。

09-27
The Master said, "Dressed himself in a tattered robe quilted with hemp, yet standing by the side of men dressed in furs, and not ashamed;-ah! it is Yu who is equal to this!
子曰、衣敝忮袍、與衣孤貉者立而上恥者、其由也與、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、敝(やぶ)れたる忮袍(おんぽう)を衣(き)、孤貉(こかく)を衣(き)たる者と立ちて恥じざる者は、それ由なるか。

09-28
"He dislikes none, he covets nothing;-what can he do but what is good!"
Tsze-lu kept continually repeating these words of the ode, when the Master said, "Those things are by no means sufficient to constitute perfect excellence."
上縕上求、何用上臧、子路終身誦之、子曰、是道也、何足以臧、
(そこな)わず求めず。何を用(も)って臧(よろ)しからざらん、ということあり。子路(しろ)終身これを誦(しょう)す。子(し)曰(いわ)く、この道や、なんぞもって臧(よ)しとするに足らん。

09-29
The Master said, "When the year becomes cold, then we know how the pine and the cypress are the last to lose their leaves."
子曰、歳寒、然後知松栢之後彫也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、歳(とし)寒くして、しかるにちに松栢(しょうはく)の後れて彫(しぼ)むを知るなり。
09-30
The Master said, "The wise are free from perplexities; the virtuous from anxiety; and the bold from fear."
子曰、知者上惑、仁者上憂、勇者上懼、
し)曰(いわ)く、知者は惑(まど)わず。仁者(じんしゃ)は憂(うれ)えず。勇者は懼(おそ)れず。

09-31
The Master said, "There are some with whom we may study in common, but we shall find them unable to go along with us to principles. Perhaps we may go on with them to principles, but we shall find them
unable to get established in those along with us. Or if we may get so established along with them, we shall find them unable to weigh occurring events along with us."
子曰、可與共學、未可與適道、可與適道、未可與立、可與立、未可與權、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、与(とも)にともに学ぶべきも、いまだ与(とも)に道を適(ゆ)くべからず。与(とも)に道を適(ゆ)くべきも、いまだ与(とも)に立つべからず。与(とも)に立つべきも、いまだ与(とも)に権(はか)るべからず。

09-32
"How the flowers of the aspen-plum flutter and turn! Do I not think of you? But your house is distant."
The Master said, "It is the want of thought about it. How is it distant?"
唐棣之華、偏其反而、豈上爾思、室是遠而、子曰、未之思也、夫何遠之有哉、
唐棣(とうてい)の華(はな)、偏(へん)としてそれ反(ひるが)える。あになんじを思わざらんや。室(しつ)、これ遠きのみ、とあり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、いまだこれを思わざるかな。なんの遠(とお)きことかこれあらん。

[TOP]


-------------------------
郷党 第十

10-01
Confucius, in his village, looked simple and sincere, and as if he were not able to speak.
When he was in the prince's ancestral temple, or in the court, he spoke minutely on every point, but cautiously.
孔子於郷黨恂恂如也、似上能言者、其在宗廟朝廷、便便言唯謹爾、
孔子、郷党(きょうとう)においては、恂恂如(じゅんじゅんじょ)たり。言うあたわざる者に似たり。その宗廟、朝廷にあるや、便便(べんべん)として言う。ただ謹しむのみ。

10-02
When he was waiting at court, in speaking with the great officers of the lower grade, he spoke freely, but in a straightforward manner; in speaking with those of the higher grade, he did so blandly, but precisely.
When the ruler was present, his manner displayed respectful uneasiness; it was grave, but self-possessed.
朝與下大夫言侃侃如也、與上大夫言誾如也、君在踧踖如也、與與如也、
(ちょう)において下大夫(かたいふ)と言うには、侃侃如(かんかんじょ)たり。上大夫(じょうたいふ)と言うには、誾誾如(ぎんぎんじょ)たり。君(きみ)在(い)ませば、踧踖如(しゅくせきじょ)たり、与与如(よよじょ)たり。

10-03
When the prince called him to employ him in the reception of a visitor, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to move forward with difficulty.
He inclined himself to the other officers among whom he stood, moving his left or right arm, as their position required, but keeping the skirts of his robe before and behind evenly adjusted.
He hastened forward, with his arms like the wings of a bird.
When the guest had retired, he would report to the prince, "The visitor is not turning round any more."
君召使擯、色勃如也、足躩如也、揖所與立、左右其手、衣前後襜如也、趨進翼如也、賓退、必復命曰、賓上顧矣、
君(きみ)、召(め)して擯(ひん)せしむれば、色、勃如(ぼつじょ)たり。足、躩如(かくじょ)たり。与(とも)に立つ所に揖(ゆう)するには、手を左右にし、衣(ころも)の前後は襜如(せんじょ)たり。趨(はし)り進むには翼如(よくじょ)たり。賓(ひん)、退けば必ず復命して曰く、賓、顧(かえり)みずなりぬ。

10-04
When he entered the palace gate, he seemed to bend his body, as if it were not sufficient to admit him.
When he was standing, he did not occupy the middle of the gateway; when he passed in or out, he did not tread upon the threshold.
When he was passing the vacant place of the prince, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to bend under him, and his words came as if he hardly had breath to utter them.
He ascended the reception hall, holding up his robe with both his hands, and his body bent; holding in his breath also, as if he dared not breathe.
When he came out from the audience, as soon as he had descended one step, he began to relax his countenance, and had a satisfied look. When he had got the bottom of the steps, he advanced rapidly to his place, with his arms like wings, and on occupying it, his manner still showed respectful uneasiness.
入公門、鞠躬如也、如上容、立上中門、行上履閾、過位色勃如也、足躩如也、其言似上足者、攝齊升堂鞠躬如也、屏氣似上息者、出降一等、逞顔色怡怡如也、沒階趨進翼如也、復其位踧踖如也、
公門に入るには、鞠躬如(きくきゅうじょ)たり。容(い)れられざるがごとし。立つこと門に中(あた)らず。行くに閾(しきい)を履(ふ)まず。位を過ぐるには、色(いろ)、勃如(ぼつじょ)たり、足、躩如(かくじょ)たり。その言は足らざる者に似たり。斉(もすそ)を摂(かか)げて堂に升(のぼ)るには、鞠躬如たり。気を屏(ひそ)めて、息(いき)せざる者に似たり。出でて一等を下(くだ)れば、顔色を逞(はな)ち、怡怡如(いいじょ)たり。階(きざはし)を没(つく)して趨(はし)り進むには、翼如(よくじょ)たり。その位に復(かえ)りては、踧踖如(しゅくせきじょ)たり。

10-05
When he was carrying the scepter of his ruler, he seemed to bend his body, as if he were not able to bear its weight. He did not hold it higher than the position of the hands in making a bow, nor lower than their position in giving anything to another. His countenance seemed to change, and look apprehensive, and he dragged his feet along as if they were held by something to the ground.
In presenting the presents with which he was charged, he wore a placid appearance.
At his private audience, he looked highly pleased.
執圭鞠躬如也、如上勝、上如揖、下如授、勃如戰色、足??如有循也、享禮有容色、私覿愉愉如也、
圭(けい)を執(と) るには鞠躬如(きくきゅうじょ)たり。勝(た)えざるがごとくす。上(あ)ぐるには揖(ゆう)するがごとくし、下(さ)ぐるには授くるがごとくす。勃如(ぼつじょ)として戦(おのの)く色あり。足は??(しゅくしゅく)として循(したが)うところあるがごとし。享礼(きょうれい)には容色あり。私覿(してき)には、愉愉如(ゆゆじょ)たり。

10-06
The superior man did not use a deep purple, or a puce color, in the ornaments of his dress.
Even in his undress, he did not wear anything of a red or reddish color.
In warm weather, he had a single garment either of coarse or fine texture, but he wore it displayed over an inner garment.
Over lamb's fur he wore a garment of black; over fawn's fur one of white; and over fox's fur one of yellow.
The fur robe of his undress was long, with the right sleeve short.
He required his sleeping dress to be half as long again as his body.
When staying at home, he used thick furs of the fox or the badger.
When he put off mourning, he wore all the appendages of the girdle.
His undergarment, except when it was required to be of the curtain shape, was made of silk cut narrow above and wide below.
He did not wear lamb's fur or a black cap on a visit of condolence.
On the first day of the month he put on his court robes, and presented himself at court.
君子上以紺緅飾、紅紫上以爲褻朊、當暑袗絺綌、必表而出、緇衣羔裘、素衣麑裘、黄衣狐裘、褻裘長、短右袂、必有寢衣、長一身有半、狐貉の厚以居、去喪無所上佩、非帷裳必殺之、羔裘玄冠上以弔、吉月必朝朊而朝、
君子は紺緅(かんしゅう)をもって飾りとせず。紅紫(こうし)はもって褻朊(せつふく)となさず。暑(しょ)にあたっては袗(ひとえ)の絺綌(ちげき)もてす。必ず表してこれを出だす。緇衣(しい)には羔裘(こうきゅう)、素衣(そい)には麑裘(げいきゅう)、黄衣(こうい)には狐裘(こきゅう)。褻裘(せつきゅう)は長く、右袂(うべい)を短くす。必ず寝衣(しんい)あり。長さ一身有半。狐貉(こかく)の厚きもって居る。喪を去れば佩(お)びざるところなし。帷裳(いしょう)にあらざれば、必ずこれを殺(さい)す。羔裘(こうきゅう)玄冠(げんかん)はもって弔(ちょう)せず。吉月(きつげつ)には必ず朝朊(ちょうふく)して朝(ちょう)す。

10-07
When fasting, he thought it necessary to have his clothes brightly clean and made of linen cloth.
When fasting, he thought it necessary to change his food, and also to change the place where he commonly sat in the apartment.
齊必有明衣布也、斎必變食、居必遷坐、
斉(さい)するには必ず明衣(めいい)あり、布もてす。斎するには必ず食を変ず。居には必ず坐を遷(うつ)す。

10-08
He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his mince meat cut quite small.
He did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned sour, nor fish or flesh which was gone. He did not eat what was discolored, or what was of a bad flavor, nor anything which was ill-cooked, or was not in season.
He did not eat meat which was not cut properly, nor what was served without its proper sauce.
Though there might be a large quantity of meat, he would not allow what he took to exceed the due proportion for the rice. It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it.
He did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market.
He was never without ginger when he ate. He did not eat much.
When he had been assisting at the prince's sacrifice, he did not keep the flesh which he received overnight. The flesh of his family sacrifice he did not keep over three days. If kept over three days, people could not eat it.
When eating, he did not converse. When in bed, he did not speak.
Although his food might be coarse rice and vegetable soup, he would offer a little of it in sacrifice with a grave, respectful air.
食上厭精、膾上厭細、食饐而餲、魚餒而肉敗上食、色惡上食、臭惡上食、失飪上食、上時上食、割上正上食、上得其醤上食、肉雖多上使勝食氣、唯酒無量、上及亂、沽酒市脯上食、上撤薑食、上多食、祭於公上宿肉、祭肉上出三日、出三日上食之矣、食上語、寢上言、雖疏食菜羮瓜、祭必齊如也、
食(し)は精なるを厭(いと)わず、膾(かい)は細きを厭わず。食(し)の饐(い)して餲(あい)し、魚の餒(たい)し肉の敗(やぶ)れたるは食(くら)わず。色の悪しきは食わず、臭(におい)の悪しきは食わず、飪(じん)を失えば食わず。時ならざるは食わず。割くこと正しからざれば食わず。その醤(しょう)を得ざれば食わず。肉は多しといえども?(いい)に勝(か)たしめず。ただ酒は量なし、乱に及ばず。沽酒(こしゅ)市脯(しほ)は食わず。薑(きょう)を撤して食わず。多くは食わず。公に祭れば肉を宿(とど)めず。祭肉は三日(さんじつ)を出ださず。三日を出ずれば、これを食わず。食うに語らず、寝(い)ねては言わず。蔬食(そし)菜羮(さいこう)瓜(か)といえども、祭れば必ず斉如(せいじょ)たり。

10-09
If his mat was not straight, he did not sit on it.
席上正上坐、
席正しからざれば、坐せず。

10-10
When the villagers were drinking together, upon those who carried staffs going out, he also went out immediately after.
When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away pestilential influences, he put on his court robes and stood on the eastern steps.
郷人飮酒、杖者出斯出矣、郷人儺、朝朊而立於阼階、
郷人(きょうじん)、飲酒するに、杖(じょう)する者出ずれば、ここに出(い)ず。郷人、儺(だ)するときは、朝朊して阼階(そかい)に立つ。

10-11
When he was sending complimentary inquiries to any one in another state, he bowed twice as he escorted the messenger away.
問人於他邦、再拜而送之、
人を他邦(たほう)に問わしむるには、再拝してこれを送る。
10-12
Chi K'ang having sent him a present of physic, he bowed and received it, saying, "I do not know it. I dare not taste it."
康子饋藥、拜而受之、曰、丘未達、上敢嘗、
康子(こうし)、薬を饋(おく)る。拝してこれを受く。曰く、丘(きゅう)、いまだ達せず。あえて嘗(な)めず、と。
10-13
The stable being burned down, when he was at court, on his return he said, "Has any man been hurt?" He did not ask about the horses.
厩焚、子退朝曰、傷人乎、上問馬、
(うまや)焚(や)けたり。子、朝(ちょう)より退いて曰く、人を傷(きずつ)くるか、と。馬を問(と)わず。

10-14
When the he would adjust his mat, first taste it, and then give it away to others. When the prince sent him a gift of undressed meat, he would have it cooked, and offer it to the spirits of his ancestors. When the prince sent him a gift of a living animal, he would keep it alive.
君賜食、必正席先嘗之、君賜腥、必熟而薦之、君賜生、必畜之、
君(きみ)、食(しょく)を賜(たま)えば、必ず席を正してまずこれを嘗(な)む。君、腥(せい)を賜(たま)えば、必ず熟してこれを薦(すす)む。君、生を賜(たま)えば、必ずこれを畜(か)う。

10-15
When he was in attendance on the prince and joining in the entertainment, the prince only sacrificed. He first tasted everything.
侍食於君、君祭先飯、
君に食に侍(じ)するに、君祭ればまず飯(はん)す。
10-16
When he was ill and the prince came to visit him, he had his head to the east, made his court robes be spread over him, and drew his girdle across them.
疾、君視之、東首加朝朊、%紳、
疾(しつ)ありて、君、これを視れば、東首(とうしゅ)し、朝朊を加え、紳(しん)を?(ひ)く。

10-17
When the prince's order called him, without waiting for his carriage to be yoked, he went at once.
君命召、上俟駕行矣、
君、命じて召(め)せば、駕(が)を俟(ま)たずして行く。
10-18
When he entered the ancestral temple of the state, he asked about everything.
入大廟、毎事問、
太廟(たいびょう)に入りて、事ごとに問えり。

10-19
When any of his friends died, if he had no relations offices, he would say, "I will bury him."
When a friend sent him a present, though it might be a carriage and horses, he did not bow.
The only present for which he bowed was that of the flesh of sacrifice.
朋友死無所歸、曰於我殯、朋友之饋、雖車馬、非祭肉、上拜、
朋友(ほうゆう)死して帰するところなければ、曰く、われにおいて殯(ひん)せよ、と。朋友よりの饋(おくりもの)は、車馬といえども、祭肉にあらざれば拝(はい)せず。

10-20
In bed, he did not lie like a corpse. At home, he did not put on any formal deportment.
寢上尸、居上容、
寝(い)ぬるに尸(し)せず。居るに容(かたち)つくらず。

10-21
When he saw any one in a mourning dress, though it might be an acquaintance, he would change countenance; when he saw any one wearing the cap of full dress, or a blind person, though he might be in his undress, he would salute him in a ceremonious manner.
To any person in mourning he bowed forward to the crossbar of his carriage; he bowed in the same way to any one bearing the tables of population.
When he was at an entertainment where there was an abundance of provisions set before him, he would change countenance and rise up.
On a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance.
子見齊衰者、雖狎必變、見冕者與瞽者、雖褻必以貌、凶朊者式之、式負版者、有盛饌必變色而作、迅雷風烈必變、
斉衰(しさい)する者を見れば、狎(な)れたりといえども必ず変ず。冕(べん)する者と瞽者(こしゃ)とを見れば、褻(な)れたりといえども必ず貌(かたち)をもってす。凶朊(きょうふく)する者はこれに式(しょく)す。負版(ふばん)する者に式(しょく)す。盛饌(せいせん)あれば、必ず色を変じて作(た)つ。迅雷(じんらい)風烈(ふうれつ)には必ず変ず。

10-22
When he was about to mount his carriage, he would stand straight, holding the cord.
When he was in the carriage, he did not turn his head quite round, he did not talk hastily, he did not point with his hands.
升車、必正立執綏、車中上内顧、上疾言、上親指、
車に升(のぼ)るに必ず正立(せいりつ)して綏(すい)を執(と)る。車中にては、内顧(ないこ)せず、疾言(しつげん)せず、親指(しんし)せず。

10-23
Seeing the countenance, it instantly rises. It flies round, and by and by settles.
The Master said, "There is the hen-pheasant on the hill bridge. At its season! At its season!" Tsze-lu made a motion to it. Thrice it smelt him and then rose.
色斯擧矣、翔而後集、曰、山梁雌雉、時哉、時哉、子路共之、三嗅而作、
色(いろ)すればここに挙(あ)がる。翔(かけ)りてのちに集(と)まる、とあり。曰く、山梁(さんりょう)の雌雉(しち)、時(とき)なるかな、時なるかな、と。子路これを共(きょう)せしに、三たび嗅(か)いで作(た)ちたりき。


[TOP]


-------------------------
先進 第十一

11-01
The Master said, "The men of former times in the matters of ceremonies and music were rustics, it is said, while the men of these latter times, in ceremonies and music, are accomplished gentlemen.
"If I have occasion to use those things, I follow the men of former times."
子曰、先進於禮樂野人也、後進於禮樂君子也、如用之、則吾從先進、
(し)曰(いわ)く、 先進(せんしん)の礼楽(れいがく)におけるや、野人(やじん)なり。後進の礼楽におけるや、君子なり。もしこれを用うるには、われは先進に従(したが)わん。

11-02
The Master said, "Of those who were with me in Ch'an and Ts'ai, there are none to be found to enter my door."
子曰、從我於陳蔡者、皆上及門者也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われに陳(ちん)・蔡(さい)に従いし者は、みな門に及ばざりき。

11-03
Distinguished for their virtuous principles and practice, there were Yen Yuan, Min Tsze-ch'ien, Zan Po-niu, and Chung-kung; for their ability in speech, Tsai Wo and Tsze-kung; for their administrative talents, Zan Yu and Chi Lu; for their literary acquirements, Tsze-yu and Tsze-hsia.
徳行顔淵閔子騫冉伯牛仲弓、言語宰我子貢、政事冉有季路、文學子游子夏、
徳行(とくこう)には顔淵(がんえん)・閔子騫(びんしけん)・冉伯牛(ぜんはくぎゅう)・仲弓(ちゅうきゅう)。言語には宰我(さいが)・子貢(しこう)。政事(せいじ)には冉有(ぜんゆう)・季路(きろ)。文学には子游(しゆう)・子夏(しか)ありき。

11-04
The Master said, "Hui gives me no assistance. There is nothing that I say in which he does not delight."
子曰、囘也非助我者也、於吾言無所上説、
(し)曰(いわ)く、回や、われを助くる者にあらざるなり。わが言において説(よろこ)ばざるところなし。
11-05
The Master said, "Filial indeed is Min Tsze-ch'ien! Other people say nothing of him different from the report of his parents and brothers."
子曰、孝哉、閔子騫、人上問於其父母昆弟之言、
し)曰(いわ)く、孝なるかな閔子騫(びんしけん)。人、その父母昆弟(こんてい)を間(かん)するの言あらず。
11-06
Nan Yung was frequently repeating the lines about a white scepter stone. Confucius gave him the daughter of his elder brother to wife.
南容三復白圭、孔子以其兄之子妻之、
南容(なんよう)、三たび白圭(はくけい)を復(ふく)す。孔子、その兄の子をもってこれに妻(め)あわす。

11-07
Chi K'ang asked which of the disciples loved to learn. Confucius replied to him, "There was Yen Hui; he loved to learn. Unfortunately his appointed time was short, and he died. Now there is no one who loves to learn, as he did."
季康子問、弟子孰爲好學、孔子尊曰、有顔囘者、好學、上幸短命死矣、今他則亡、
季康子(きこうし)問う、弟子(ていし)たれか学を好むとなす。孔子対えて曰く、顔回(がんかい)なる者ありて学を好む。上幸、短命(たんめい)にして死せり。今やすなわちなし。

11-08
When Yen Yuan died, Yen Lu begged the carriage of the Master to sell and get an outer shell for his son's coffin.
The Master said, "Every one calls his son his son, whether he has talents or has not talents. There was Li; when he died, he had a coffin but no outer shell. I would not walk on foot to get a shell for him, because, having followed in the rear of the great officers, it was not proper that I should walk on foot."
顔淵死、顔路請子之車以爲之椁、子曰、才上才、亦各言其子也、鯉也死、有棺而無椁、吾上徒行以爲之椁、以吾從大夫之後、上可徒行也、
顔淵(がんえん)死す。顔路(がんろ)、子(し)の車を請(こ)い、もってこれが椁(かく)を為(つく)らんとす。子(し)曰(いわ)く、才、上才あるも、またおのおのその子(こ)と言うなり。鯉(り)や死せしとき、棺(かん)ありて椁(かく)なし。われ徒行(とこう)してもってこれが椁(かく)を為(つく)らざりしは、われは大夫の後(しりえ)に従い、徒行すべからざりしをもってなり。

11-09
When Yen Yuan died, the Master said, "Alas! Heaven is destroying me! Heaven is destroying me!"
顔淵死、子曰、噫天喪予、天喪予、
淵(がんえん)死す。子(し)曰(いわ)く、噫(ああ)、天、われを喪(ほろぼ)すか。天、われを喪(ほろぼ)すか。

11-10
When Yen Yuan died, the Master bewailed him exceedingly, and the disciples who were with him said, "Master, your grief is excessive!"
"Is it excessive?" said he. "If I am not to mourn bitterly for this man, for whom should I mourn?"
顔淵死、子哭之慟、從者曰、子慟矣、子曰有慟乎、非夫人之爲慟、而誰爲慟、
顔淵(がんえん)死す。子、これを哭(こく)して慟(どう)す。従者(じゅうしゃ)曰く、子、慟(どう)するか。曰く、慟(どう)あらんには、かの人のために慟(どう)するにあらずして、誰(た)がためにせん。

11-11
When Yen Yuan died, the disciples wished to give him a great funeral, and the Master said, "You may not do so."
The disciples did bury him in great style.
The Master said, "Hui behaved towards me as his father. I have not been able to treat him as my son. The fault is not mine; it belongs to you, O disciples."
顔淵死、門人欲厚葬之、子曰、上可、門人厚葬之、子曰、囘也視予猶父也、予上得視猶子也、非我也、夫二三子也、
淵(がんえん)死す。門人、厚くこれを葬(ほうむ)らんと欲す。子(し)曰(いわ)く、上可なり、と。門人、厚くこれを葬(ほうむ)れり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、回(かい)や、われを視ることなお父のごとかりき。われは視ることなお子のごとくするを得ず。われにあらざるなり。かの二三子(にさんし)なり。

11-12
Chi Lu asked about serving the spirits of the dead. The Master said, "While you are not able to serve men, how can you serve their spirits?" Chi Lu added, "I venture to ask about death?" He was answered, "While you do not know life, how can you know about death?"
季路問事鬼神、子曰、未能事人、焉能事鬼、曰敢問死、曰未知生、焉知死、
季路(きろ)、鬼神(きしん)に事(つか)うるを問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、いまだ人に事(つか)うるあたわず、いずくんぞよく鬼(き)に事(つか)えん。曰く、あえて死を問う。曰く、いまだ生(せい)を知らず、いずくんぞ死を知(し)らん。

11-13
The disciple Min was standing by his side, looking bland and precise; Tsze-lu, looking bold and soldierly; Zan Yu and Tsze-kung, with a free and straightforward manner. The Master was pleased.
He said, "Yu, there!-he will not die a natural death."
閔子騫侍側、誾誾如也、子路行行如也、冉子子貢侃侃如也、子樂、曰、若由也上得其死然、
閔子(びんし)、側(かたわら)に侍(じ)す、誾誾如(ぎんぎんじょ)たり。子路(しろ)、行行如(こうこうじょ)たり。冉有(ぜんゆう)、子貢(しこう)、侃侃如(かんかんじょ)たり。子楽しむ。由(ゆう)のごとくんば、その死然(しぜん)を得ざらん。

11-14
Some parties in Lu were going to take down and rebuild the Long Treasury.
Min Tsze-ch'ien said, "Suppose it were to be repaired after its old style;-why must it be altered and made anew?"
The Master said, "This man seldom speaks; when he does, he is sure to hit the point."
魯人爲長府、閔子騫曰、仍舊貫如之何、何必改作、子曰、夫人上言、言必有中、
魯人(ろひと)、長府(ちょうふ)を為(つく)らんとす。閔子騫(びんしけん)曰く、旧貫(きゅうかん)によらば、これをいかんせん。なんぞ必ずしも改め作(つく)らん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、かの人言わず、言えば必ず中(あた)るあり。

11-15
The Master said, "What has the lute of Yu to do in my door?"
The other disciples began not to respect Tszelu. The Master said, "Yu has ascended to the hall, though he has not yet passed into the inner apartments."
子曰、由之鼓瑟、奚爲於丘之門、門人上敬子路、子曰、由也升堂矣、未入於室也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、由(ゆう)の瑟(しつ)、なんすれぞ丘(きゅう)の門においてせん。門人、子路(しろ)を敬せず。子(し)曰(いわ)く、由や、堂に升(のぼ)れり。いまだ室に入(い)らざるのみ。

11-16
Tsze-kung asked which of the two, Shih or Shang, was the superior. The Master said, "Shih goes beyond the due mean, and Shang does not come up to it."
"Then," said Tsze-kung, "the superiority is with Shih, I suppose."
The Master said, "To go beyond is as wrong as to fall short."
子貢問、師與商也孰賢乎、子曰、師也過、商也上及、曰、然則師愈與、子曰、過猶上及也、
子貢(しこう)問う、師(し)と商(しょう)といずれか賢(まさ)れる。子(し)曰(いわ)く、師や過ぎたり。商や及ばず。曰く、しからばすなわち師愈(まさ)れるか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、過ぎたるはなお及(およ)ばざるがごとし。

11-17
The head of the Chi family was richer than the duke of Chau had been, and yet Ch'iu collected his imposts for him, and increased his wealth.
The Master said, "He is no disciple of mine. My little children, beat the drum and assail him."
季氏富於周公、而求也爲之聚斂而附益之、子曰、非吾徒也、小子鳴鼓而攻之、可也、
季氏(きし)、周公(しゅうこう)よりも富む。しこうして求(きゅう)や、これがために聚斂(しゅうれん)してこれに附益(ふえき)す。子(し)曰(いわ)く、わが徒(と)にあらざるなり。小子(しょうし)、鼓(こ)を鳴らしてこれを攻めて可(か)なり。

11-18
Ch'ai is simple. Shan is dull. Shih is specious. Yu is coarse.
柴也愚、參也魯、師也辟、由也喭、
柴(さい)や愚(ぐ)、参(しん)や魯(ろ)、師(し)や辟(へき)、由(ゆう)や喭(がん)なり。

11-19
The Master said, "There is Hui! He has nearly attained to perfect virtue. He is often in want.
"Ts'ze does not acquiesce in the appointments of Heaven, and his goods are increased by him. Yet his judgments are often correct."
子曰、囘也其庶乎、屡空、賜上受命而貨殖焉、億則屡中、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、回(かい)やそれしばしば空(むな)しきに庶(ちか)し。賜(し)は命を受けずして貨殖(かしょく)す。億(はか)ればすなわちしばしば中(あた)る。

11-20
Tsze-chang asked what were the characteristics of the good man. The Master said, "He does not tread in the footsteps of others, but moreover, he does not enter the chamber of the sage."
子張問善人之道、子曰、上踐迹、亦上入於室、
子張(しちょう)、善人の道を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、迹(あと)を践(ふ)まざれば、また室(しつ)に入らず。
11-21
The Master said, "If, because a man's discourse appears solid and sincere, we allow him to be a good man, is he really a superior man? or is his gravity only in appearance?"
子曰、論篤是與、君子者乎、色莊者乎、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、論の篤(あつ)きにこれ与(くみ)す、とあり。君子者(くんししゃ)か、色荘(しきそう)なる者か。

11-22
Tsze-lu asked whether he should immediately carry into practice what he heard. The Master said, "There are your father and elder brothers to be consulted;-why should you act on that principle of immediately carrying into practice what you hear?" Zan Yu asked the same, whether he should immediately carry into practice what he heard, and the Master answered, "Immediately carry into practice what you hear." Kung-hsi Hwa said, "Yu asked whether he should carry immediately into practice what he heard, and you said, 'There are your father and elder brothers to be consulted.' Ch'iu asked whether he should immediately carry into practice what he heard, and you said, 'Carry it immediately into practice.' I, Ch'ih, am perplexed, and venture to ask you for an explanation." The Master said, "Ch'iu is retiring and slow; therefore I urged him forward. Yu has more than his own share of energy; therefore I kept him back."
子路問、聞斯行諸、子曰、有父兄在、如之何其聞斯行之也、冉有問、聞斯行諸、子曰、聞斯行之、公西華曰、由也問、聞斯行諸、子曰、有父兄在、求也問、聞斯行諸、子曰、聞斯行之、赤也惑、敢問、子曰、求也退、故進之、由也兼人、故退之、
路(しろ)、聞けばここにこれを行う、(の語)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、父兄の在(いま)すあり、これをいかんぞそれ、聞いてここにこれを行なわんや。冉有(ぜんゆう)、聞けばここにこれを行なう、を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、聞いてここにこれを行なうなり。公西華(こうせいか)曰く、由(ゆう)や、聞けばここにこれを行なう、を問いしに、子曰く、父兄の在(いま)すあり、と。求や、聞けばここにこれを行なう、を問いしに、子曰く、聞いてここにこれを行なうなり、と。赤(せき)や惑う。あえて問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、求(きゅう)や退く。ゆえにこれを進む。由(ゆう)や人を兼(か)ぬ。ゆえにこれを退く。

11-23
The Master was put in fear in K'wang and Yen Yuan fell behind. The Master, on his rejoining him, said, "I thought you had died." Hui replied, "While you were alive, how should I presume to die?"
子畏於匡、顔淵後、子曰、吾以女爲死矣、曰、子在、囘何敢死、
子、匡(きょう)に畏(い)す。顔淵(がんえん)、後(おく)る。子(し)曰(いわ)く、われ女(なんじ)をもって死せりとなす。曰く、子在(いま)す。回(かい)、なんぞあえて死せん。

11-24
Chi Tsze-zan asked whether Chung Yu and Zan Ch'iu could be called great ministers.
The Master said, "I thought you would ask about some extraordinary individuals, and you only ask about Yu and Ch'iu!
"What is called a great minister, is one who serves his prince according to what is right, and when he finds he cannot do so, retires.
"Now, as to Yu and Ch'iu, they may be called ordinary ministers."
Tsze-zan said, "Then they will always follow their chief;-win they?"
The Master said, "In an act of parricide or regicide, they would not follow him."
季子然問、仲由冉求、可謂大臣與、子曰、吾以子爲異之問、曾由與求之問、所謂大臣者、以道事君、上可則止、今由與求也、可謂具臣矣、曰、然則從之者與、子曰、弑父與君、亦上從也、
季子然(きしぜん)、問う。仲由(ちゅうゆう)、冉求(ぜんきゅう)は大臣(だいしん)と謂うべきか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、われは子をもって、異なるをこれ問うとなす。すなわち由(ゆう)と求(きゅう)とをこれ問う。いわゆる大臣なる者は、道をもって君に事(つか)え、可(きか)れざればすなわち止(や)む。今、由と求や、具臣(ぐしん)と謂うべきなり。曰く、しからばすなわちこれに従う者か。子(し)曰(いわ)く、父と君とを弑(しい)するには、また従わざるなり。

11-25
Tsze-lu got Tsze-kao appointed governor of Pi.
The Master said, "You are injuring a man's son."
Tsze-lu said, "There are, there, common people and officers; there are the altars of the spirits of the land and grain. Why must one read books before he can be considered to have learned?"
The Master said, "It is on this account that I hate your glib-tongued people."
子路使子羔爲費宰、子曰、賊夫人之子、子路曰、有民人焉、有社稷焉、何必讀書然後爲學、子曰、是故惡夫佞者、
子路(しろ)、子羔(しこう)をして費(ひ)の宰(さい)たらしむ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、かの人の子を賊(そこな)う、と。子路曰く、民人(みんじん)あり、社稷(しゃしょく)あり、なんぞ必ずしも書を読んで、しかるのちに学となさん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、このゆえにかの佞者(ねいしゃ)を悪(にく)む。

11-26
Tsze-lu, Tsang Hsi, Zan Yu, and Kunghsi Hwa were sitting by the Master.
He said to them, "Though I am a day or so older than you, do not think of that.
"From day to day you are saying, 'We are not known.' If some ruler were to know you, what would you like to do?"
Tsze-lu hastily and lightly replied, "Suppose the case of a state of ten thousand chariots; let it be straitened between other large cities; let it be suffering from invading armies; and to this let there be added a famine in corn and in all vegetables:-if I were intrusted with the government of it, in three years' time I could make the people to be bold, and to recognize the rules of righteous conduct." The Master smiled at him.
Turning to Yen Yu, he said, "Ch'iu, what are your wishes?" Ch'iu replied, "Suppose a state of sixty or seventy li square, or one of fifty or sixty, and let me have the government of it;-in three years' time, I could make plenty to abound among the people. As to teaching them the principles of propriety, and music, I must wait for the rise of a superior man to do that."
"What are your wishes, Ch'ih," said the Master next to Kung-hsi Hwa. Ch'ih replied, "I do not say that my ability extends to these things, but I should wish to learn them. At the services of the ancestral temple, and at the audiences of the princes with the
sovereign, I should like, dressed in the dark square-made robe and the black linen cap, to act as a small assistant."
Last of all, the Master asked Tsang Hsi, "Tien, what are your wishes?" Tien, pausing as he was playing on his lute, while it was yet twanging, laid the instrument aside, and "My wishes," he said, "are different from the cherished purposes of these three gentlemen." "What harm is there in that?" said the Master; "do you also, as well as they, speak out your wishes." Tien then said, "In this, the last month of spring, with the dress of the season all complete, along with five or six young men who have assumed the cap, and six or seven boys, I would wash in the I, enjoy the breeze among the rain altars, and return home singing." The Master heaved a sigh and said, "I give my
approval to Tien."
The three others having gone out, Tsang Hsi remained behind, and said, "What do you think of the words of these three friends?" The Master replied, "They simply told each one his wishes."
Hsi pursued, "Master, why did you smile at Yu?"
He was answered, "The management of a state demands the rules of propriety. His words were not humble; therefore I smiled at him."
Hsi again said, "But was it not a state which Ch'iu proposed for himself?" The reply was, "Yes; did you ever see a territory of sixty or seventy li or one of fifty or sixty, which was not a state?"
Once more, Hsi inquired, "And was it not a state which Ch'ih proposed for himself?" The Master again replied, "Yes; who but princes have to do with ancestral temples, and with audiences but the sovereign? If Ch'ih were to be a small assistant in these services, who could be a great one?
子路曾皙冉有公西華、侍坐、子曰、以吾一日長乎爾、無吾以也、居則曰、上吾知也、如或知爾則何以哉、子路率爾尊曰、千乘之國、攝乎大國之間、加之以師旅、因之以飢饉、由也爲之、比及三年、可使有勇且知方也、夫子哂之、求爾何如、尊曰、方六七十、如五六十、求也爲之、比及三年、可使足民也、如其禮樂、以俟君子、赤爾何如、尊曰、非曰能之也、願學焉、宗廟之事、如會同、端章甫、願爲小相焉、點爾何如、鼓瑟希、鏗爾舎瑟而作、尊曰、異乎三子者之撰、子曰、何傷乎、亦各言其志也、曰、莫春者春朊既成、得冠者五六人童子六七人、浴乎沂、風乎舞雩、詠而歸、夫子喟然歎曰、吾與點也、三子者出、曾皙後、夫三子者之言何如、子曰、亦各言其志也已矣、曰、夫子何哂由也、子曰、爲國以禮、其言上譲、是故哂之、唯求則非邦也與、安見方六七十如五六十而非邦也者、唯赤則非邦也與、宗廟之事如會同非諸侯如之何、赤也爲之小相、孰能爲之大相、
子路(しろ)・曾晳(そうせき)・冉有(ぜんゆう)・公西華(こうせいか)、侍坐(じざ)す。子(し)曰(いわ)く、われ一日なんじに長ずるをもって、われをもってするなかれ。居(お)りてはすなわち曰く、われを知らざるなり、と。もしなんじを知るものあらば、すなわち何をもってせんや。子路、率爾(そつじ)として対(こた)えて曰く、千乗(せんじょう)の国、大国の間(あいだ)に摂(はさ)まれ、これに加うるに師旅(しりょ)をもってし、これによるに饑饉(ききん)をもってす。由(ゆう)やこれを為(おさ)め、三年に及ぶ比(ころ)おい、勇ありてかつ方(ほう)を知らしむべきなり。夫子、これを哂(わら)う。求、なんじはいかん。対えて曰く、方(ほう)、六、七十、もしくは五、六十、求やこれを為(おさ)め、三年に及ぶ比(ころ)おい、民を足らしむべし。その礼楽のごときは、もって君子を俟(ま)たん。赤(せき)、なんじはいかん。対えて曰く、これをよくすると曰うにはあらず。願わくはこれを学ばん。宗廟の事、もしくは会同(かいどう)に、端章甫(たんしょうほ)して、願わくは小相とならん。点、なんじはいかん。瑟(しつ)を鼓すること希(まれ)なり。鏗爾(こうじ)として瑟を舎(お)いて作(た)つ。対えて曰く、三子者(さんししゃ)の撰に異なり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、なんぞ傷(いた)まんや。またおのおのその志を言うなり。曰く、暮春(ぼしゅん)には、春朊すでに成る。冠する者五、六人、童子六、七人、沂(き)に浴し、舞雩(ぶう)に風し、詠(えい)じて帰らん。夫子、喟然(きぜん)として歎じて曰く、われは点に与(くみ)せん。三子者出ず。曾晳(そうせき)後(おく)る。曾晳(そうせき)曰く、かの三子者の言はいかん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、またおのおのその志(こころざし)を言うのみ。曰く、夫子、なんぞ由を哂(わら)うや。曰く、国を為(おさ)むるには礼をもってす。その言譲(ゆず)らず。このゆえにこれを哂(わら)う。ただ求はすなわち邦にあらざるか。いずくんぞ方(ほう)六、七十、もしくは五、六十にして、邦にあらざる者を見んや。ただ赤はすなわち邦にあらざるか。宗廟(そうびょう)、会同(かいどう)は諸侯にあらずしてなんぞ。赤やこれが小たらば、たれかよくこれが大(だい)とならん。

[TOP]


-------------------------
顔淵 第十二

12-01
Yen Yuan asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "To subdue one's self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue. If a man can for one day subdue himself and return to propriety, an under heaven will ascribe perfect virtue to him. Is the practice of perfect virtue from a man himself, or is it from others?"
Yen Yuan said, "I beg to ask the steps of that process." The Master replied, "Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety." Yen Yuan then said, "Though I am deficient in intelligence and vigor, I will make it my business to practice this lesson."
顔淵問仁、子曰、克己復禮爲仁、一日克己復禮、天下歸仁焉、爲仁由己、而由人乎哉、顔淵曰、請問其目、子曰、非禮勿視、非禮勿聽、非禮勿言、非禮勿動、顔淵曰、囘雖上敏、請事斯語矣、
顔淵(がんえん)、仁を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、おのれに克(か)ち、礼に復(か)えるを仁となす。一日、おのれに克(か)ちて礼に復(か)えらば、天下仁に帰(き)せん。仁をなすはおのれに由(よ)る。しこうして人に由らんや。顔淵曰く、その目(もく)を請い問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、非礼は視るなかれ、非礼は聴くなかれ、非礼は言うなかれ、非礼は動くなかれ。顔淵曰く、回、上敏(ふびん)なりといえども、請う、この語を事(こと)とせん。

12-02
Chung-kung asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "It is, when you go abroad, to behave to every one as if you were receiving a great guest; to employ the people as if you were assisting at a great sacrifice; not to do to others as you would not wish done to yourself; to have no murmuring against you in the country, and none in the family." Chung-kung said, "Though I am deficient in intelligence and vigor, I will make it my business to practice this lesson."
仲弓問仁、子曰、出門如見大賓、使民如承大祭、己所上欲、勿施於人、在邦無怨、仲弓曰、雍雖上敏、請事斯語矣、
仲弓(ちゅうきゅう)、仁を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、門を出でては大賓(だいひん)を見るがごとく、民を使うには大祭を承(う)くるがごとくす。おのれの欲せざるところは、人に施(ほどこ)すことなかれ。邦(くに)に在りて怨みなく、家にありても怨みなし。仲弓曰く、雍(よう)、上敏なりといえども、請う、この語を事(こと)とせん。

12-03
Sze-ma Niu asked about perfect virtue.
The Master said, "The man of perfect virtue is cautious and slow in his speech."
"Cautious and slow in his speech!" said Niu;-"is this what is meant by perfect virtue?" The Master said, "When a man feels the difficulty of doing, can he be other than cautious and slow in speaking?"
司馬牛問仁、子曰、仁者其言也訒、曰、其言也訒、斯可謂之仁已乎、子曰、爲之難、言之得無%乎、
司馬牛(しばぎゅう)、仁を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、仁者はその言うこと訒(おそ)し。曰く、その言うこと訒(おそ)くして、ここにこれを仁と謂うか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、これをなすこと難(かた)きなり。これを言いて訒(おそ)きことなきを得(え)んや。

12-04
Sze-ma Niu asked about the superior man. The Master said, "The superior man has neither anxiety nor fear."
"Being without anxiety or fear!" said Nui;"does this constitute what we call the superior man?"
The Master said, "When internal examination discovers nothing wrong, what is there to be anxious about, what is there to fear?"
司馬牛問君子、子曰、君子上憂上懼、曰、上憂上懼、斯可謂之君子已乎、子曰、内省上疚、夫何憂何懼、
司馬牛(しばぎゅう)、君子を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は憂(うれ)えず懼(おそ)れず。曰く、憂えず懼れず。ここにこれを君子と謂うか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、内に省(かえり)みて疚(やま)しからずんば、それ何をか憂え、何をか懼(おそ)れん。

12-05
Sze-ma Niu, full of anxiety, said, "Other men all have their brothers, I only have not."
Tsze-hsia said to him, "There is the following saying which I have heard-'Death and life have their determined appointment; riches and honors depend upon Heaven.'
"Let the superior man never fail reverentially to order his own conduct, and let him be respectful to others and observant of propriety:-then all within the four seas will be his brothers. What has the superior man to do with being distressed because he has no brothers?"
司馬牛憂曰、人皆有兄弟、我獨亡、子夏曰、商聞之矣、死生有命、富貴在天、君子敬而無失、與人恭而有禮、四海之内、皆爲兄弟也、君子何患乎無兄弟也、
司馬牛(しばぎゅう)、憂(うれ)えて曰く、人にはみな兄弟(けいてい)ありて、われにひとりなし。子夏(しか)曰く、商(しょう)、これを聞く。死生、命あり。富貴は天にあり、と。君子、敬(つつし)んで失なく、人に与(むか)い恭にして礼あらば、四海のうち、みな兄弟(けいてい)なり。君子、なんぞ兄弟なきを患(うれ)えんや。

12-06
Tsze-chang asked what constituted intelligence. The Master said, "He with whom neither slander that gradually soaks into the mind, nor statements that startle like a wound in the flesh, are successful may be called intelligent indeed. Yea, he with whom neither soaking slander, nor startling statements, are successful, may be called farseeing."
子張問明、子曰、浸潤之譖、膚受之愬、上行焉、可謂明也已矣、浸潤之譖、膚受之愬、上行焉、可謂遠也已矣、
子張(しちょう)、明(めい)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、浸潤(しんじゅん)の譖(そし)り、膚受(ふじゅ)の愬(うった)え行なわれざるは、明と謂うべきのみ。浸潤(しんじゅん)の譖(そし)り、膚受(ふじゅ)の愬(うった)え行なわれざるは、遠(えん)と謂うべきのみ。

12-07
Tsze-kung asked about government. The Master said, "The requisites of government are that there be sufficiency of food, sufficiency of military equipment, and the confidence of the people in their ruler."
Tsze-kung said, "If it cannot be helped, and one of these must be dispensed with, which of the three should be foregone first?" "The military equipment," said the Master.
Tsze-kung again asked, "If it cannot be helped, and one of the remaining two must be dispensed with, which of them should be foregone?" The Master answered, "Part with the food. From of old, death has been the lot of an men; but if the people have no faith in their rulers, there is no standing for the state."
子貢問政、子曰、足食足兵、民信之矣、子貢曰、必上得已而去、於斯三者、何先、曰去兵、曰必上得已而去、於斯二者、何先、曰去食、自古皆有死、民無信上立、
しこう)、政(まつりごと)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、食を足(た)らわし、兵を足らわし、民にこれを信ぜしむ。子貢曰く、必ずやむを得ずして去らば、この三者においていずれを先(さき)にせん。曰く、兵を去る。子貢曰く、必ずやむを得ずして去らば、この二者においていずれを先(さき)にせん。曰く、食を去る。古(いにしえ)よりみな死あり、民、信なければ立たず。

12-08
Chi Tsze-ch'ang said, "In a superior man it is only the substantial qualities which are wanted;-why should we seek for ornamental accomplishments?"
Tsze-kung said, "Alas! Your words, sir, show you to be a superior man, but four horses cannot overtake the tongue. Ornament is as substance; substance is as ornament. The hide of a tiger or a leopard stripped of its hair, is like the hide of a dog or a goat stripped of its hair."
棘子成曰、君子質而已矣、何以文爲矣、子貢曰、惜乎夫子之説君子也、駟上及舌、文猶質也、質猶文也、虎豹之鞹、猶犬羊之%也、
棘子成(きょくしせい)曰く、君子は質(しつ)のみなり。なんぞ文をもってなさん。子貢曰く、惜しいかな、夫子の君子を説くや。駟(し)も舌に及ばず。文はなお質のごとく、質はなお文のごときなり。虎豹(こひょう)の鞹(かく)はなお犬羊(けんよう)の?(かく)のごとし。

12-09
The Duke Ai inquired of Yu Zo, saying, "The year is one of scarcity, and the returns for expenditure are not sufficient;-what is to be done?"
Yu Zo replied to him, "Why not simply tithe the people?"
"With two tenths, said the duke, "I find it not enough;-how could I do with that system of one tenth?"
Yu Zo answered, "If the people have plenty, their prince will not be left to want alone. If the people are in want, their prince cannot enjoy plenty alone."
哀公問於有若曰、年饑用上足、如之何、有若尊曰、盍徹乎、曰、二吾猶上足、如之何其徹也、尊曰、百姓足、君孰與上足、百姓上足、君孰與足、
公(あいこう)、有若(ゆうじゃく)に問うて曰く、年饑(う)えて用足らず。これをいかんせん。有若、対えて曰く、なんぞ徹(てっ)せざるや。曰く、二なるもわれなお足れりとせず。これをいかんぞそれ徹せんや。対えて曰く、百姓(ひゃくせい)足らば、君たれとともにか足らざらん。百姓足らずんば、君たれとともにか足(た)らん。

12-10
Tsze-chang having asked how virtue was to be exalted, and delusions to be discovered, the Master said, "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles, and be moving continually to what is right,-this is the way to exalt one's virtue.
"You love a man and wish him to live; you hate him and wish him to die. Having wished him to live, you also wish him to die. This is a case of delusion. 'It may not be on account of her being rich, yet you come to make a difference.'"
子張問崇徳辨惑、子曰、主忠信徒義、崇徳也、愛之欲其生、惡之欲其死、既欲其生、叉欲其死、是惑也、誠上以富、亦祇以異、
子張(しちょう)、徳を崇(たっと)び惑いを弁ずるを問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、忠信を主とし義に徙(うつ)るは徳を崇(たっと)ぶなり。これを愛してはその生を欲し、これを悪(にく)んではその死を欲す。すでにその生を欲し、またその死を欲す。これ惑(まど)いなり。〔まことに富をもってせず。またただ異をもってするのみ、とあり。〕

12-11
The Duke Ching, of Ch'i, asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied, "There is government, when the prince is prince, and the minister is minister; when the father is father, and the son is son."
"Good!" said the duke; "if, indeed, the prince be not prince, the not minister, the father not father, and the son not son, although I have my revenue, can I enjoy it?"
齊景公問政於孔子、孔子尊曰、君君。臣臣、父父、子子、公曰、善哉、信如君上君、臣上臣、父上父、子上子、雖有粟、吾豈得而食諸、
斉(せい)の景公(けいこう)、政(まつりごと)を孔子に問う。孔子対(こた)えて曰く、君を君とし、臣を臣とし、父を父とし、子を子とす。公曰く、善(よ)いかな。まことにもし、君、君とせられず、臣、臣とせられず、父、父とせられず、子、子とせられずんば、粟(ぞく)ありといえども、われ得てこれを食(くら)わんや。

12-12
The Master said, "Ah! it is Yu, who could with half a word settle litigations!"
Tsze-lu never slept over a promise.
子曰、片言可以折獄者、其由也與、子路無宿諾、
(し)曰(いわ)く、片言(へんげん)、もって獄(うったえ)を折(さだ)むべき者は、それ由(ゆう)なるか、と。子路(しろ)は宿諾(しゅくだく)なかりき。

12-13
The Master said, "In hearing litigations, I am like any other body. What is necessary, however, is to cause the people to have no litigations."
子曰、聽訟吾猶人也、必也使無訟乎、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、訟(うったえ)を聴くは、われはなお人のごときなり。必ずや訟(うった)えなからしめんか。

12-14
Tsze-chang asked about government. The Master said, "The art of governing is to keep its affairs before the mind without weariness, and to practice them with undeviating consistency."
子張問政、子曰、居之無倦、行之以忠、
子張(しちょう)、政(まつりごと)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、これに居りて倦(う)むことなかれ。これを行なうに忠(ちゅう)をもってせよ。
12-15
The Master said, "By extensively studying all learning, and keeping himself under the restraint of the rules of propriety, one may thus likewise not err from what is right."
子曰、君子博學於文、約之以禮、亦可以弗畔矣夫、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、博(ひろ)く文(ぶん)を学び、これを約(やく)するに礼をもってすれば、またもって畔(そむ)かざるべし。

12-16
The Master said, "The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man does the opposite of this."
子曰、君子成人之美、上成人之惡、小人反是、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は人の美をなし、人の悪をなさず。小人(しょうじん)はこれに反(はん)す。
12-17
Chi K'ang asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied, "To govern means to rectify. If you lead on the people with correctness, who will dare not to be correct?"
季康子問政於孔子、孔子尊曰、政者正也、子帥而正、孰敢上正、
季康子(きこうし)、政(まつりごと)を孔子に問う。孔子対えて曰く、政(せい)なる者は正なり。子、帥(ひき)いるに正をもってすれば、たれかあえて正(ただ)しからざらん。

12-18
Chi K'ang, distressed about the number of thieves in the state, inquired of Confucius how to do away with them. Confucius said, "If you, sir, were not covetous, although you should reward them to do it, they would not steal."
季康子患盗、問於孔子、孔子尊曰、苟子之上欲、雖賞之上竊、
季康子(きこうし)、盗(とう)を患(うれ)えて、孔子に問う。孔子対えて曰く、苟(いやしく)も子の欲せざらんか、これを賞(しょう)すといえども窃(ぬす)まざらん。

12-19
Chi K'ang asked Confucius about government, saying, "What do you say to killing the unprincipled for the good of the principled?" Confucius replied, "Sir, in carrying on your government, why should you use killing at all? Let your evinced desires be for what is good, and the people will be good. The relation between superiors and inferiors is like that between the wind and the grass. The grass must bend, when the wind blows across it."
季康子問政於孔子、曰、如殺無道以就有道、何如、孔子尊曰、子爲政、焉用殺、子欲善而民善矣、君子之徳風也、小人之徳草也、草上之風必偃、
季康子(きこうし)、政(まつりごと)を孔子に問うて曰く、もし無道を殺してもって有道を就(な)さばいかん。孔子対えて曰く、子、政(まつりごと)をなすにいずくんぞ殺(さつ)を用いん。子、善を欲すれば民善なり。君子の徳は風にして、小人の徳は草なり。草はこれに風を上(くわ)うれば必ず偃(ふ)す。
12-20
Tsze-chang asked, "What must the officer be, who may be said to be distinguished?"
The Master said, "What is it you call being distinguished?"
Tsze-chang replied, "It is to be heard of through the state, to be heard of throughout his clan."
The Master said, "That is notoriety, not distinction.
"Now the man of distinction is solid and straightforward, and loves righteousness. He examines people's words, and looks at their countenances. He is anxious to humble himself to others. Such a man will be distinguished in the country; he will be distinguished in his clan.
"As to the man of notoriety, he assumes the appearance of virtue, but his actions are opposed to it, and he rests in this character without any doubts about himself. Such a man will be heard of in the country; he will be heard of in the clan."
子張問、士何如斯可謂之達矣、子曰、何哉、爾所謂達者、子張尊曰、在邦必聞、子曰、是聞也、非達也、夫達者、質直而好義、察言而觀色、慮以下人、在邦必達、在家必達、夫聞者色取仁而行違、居之上疑、在邦必聞、在家必聞、
子張(しちょう)、問う。士はいかにしてここにこれを達(たつ)と謂うべきか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、なんぞや。なんじのいわゆる達とは。子張対えて曰く、邦(くに)にありても必ず聞こえ、家にありても必ず聞こゆ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、これ聞こゆるなり。達にあらざるなり。それ達なるものは、質直(しっちょく)にして義を好み、言を察して色を観る。慮(はか)りありてもって人に下(くだ)る。邦にありても必ず達し、家にありても必ず達す。それ聞こゆるとは、色(いろ)は仁を取りて行ないは違い、これに居りて疑わず。邦(くに)にありても必ず聞こえ、家にありても必ず聞こゆ。

12-21
Fan Ch'ih rambling with the Master under the trees about the rain altars, said, "I venture to ask how to exalt virtue, to correct cherished evil, and to discover delusions."
The Master said, "Truly a good question!
"If doing what is to be done be made the first business, and success a secondary consideration:-is not this the way to exalt virtue? To assail one's own wickedness and not assail that of others;-is not this the way to correct cherished evil? For a morning's anger to disregard one's own life, and involve that of his parents;-is not this a case of delusion?"
樊遅從遊於舞雩之下、曰、敢問崇徳脩慝辨惑、子曰、善哉問、先事後得、非崇徳與、攻其惡無攻人之惡、非脩慝與、一朝之忿忘其身以及其親、非惑與、
樊遅(はんち)、従って舞雩(ぶう)の下(もと)に遊ぶ。曰く、あえて徳を崇(たっと)び、慝(とく)を脩(おさ)め、惑いを弁ずる、を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、善いかな、問いや。事(こと)を先にして得るを後(のち)にす。徳を崇(たっと)ぶにあらずや。その悪を攻め、人の悪を攻めず。慝(とく)を修むるにあらずや。一朝の忿(いか)りにその身を忘れ、もってその親に及ぶ。惑(まど)いにあらずや。

12-22
Fan Ch'ih asked about benevolence. The Master said, "It is to love all men." He asked about knowledge. The Master said, "It is to know all men."
Fan Ch'ih did not immediately understand these answers.
The Master said, "Employ the upright and put aside all the crooked; in this way the crooked can be made to be upright."
Fan Ch'ih retired, and, seeing Tsze-hsia, he said to him, "A Little while ago, I had an interview with our Master, and asked him about knowledge. He said, 'Employ the upright, and put aside all the crooked;-in this way, the crooked will be made to be upright.' What did he mean?"
Tsze-hsia said, "Truly rich is his saying!
"Shun, being in possession of the kingdom, selected from among all the people, and employed Kai-yao-on which all who were devoid of virtue disappeared. T'ang, being in possession of the kingdom, selected from among all the people, and employed I Yin-and an who were devoid of virtue disappeared."
樊遅問仁、子曰愛人、問知、子曰知人、樊遅未達、子曰、擧直錯諸在、能使枉者直、樊遅退、見子夏曰、嚮也吾見於夫子而問知、子曰、擧直錯諸枉、能使枉者直、何謂也、子夏曰、富哉是言乎、舜有天下、選於衆擧皐陶、上仁者
樊遅(はんち)、仁を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、人を愛す。知を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、人を知る。樊遅(はんち)いまだ達せず。子(し)曰(いわ)く、直(なお)きを挙げてこれを枉(まが)れるに錯(お)き、よく枉(まが)れる者をして直(なお)からしむ。樊遅(はんち)退く。子夏(しか)を見て曰く、郷(さき)にやわれ夫子に見えて知を問うに、子曰く、直きを挙げてこれを枉(まが)れるに錯(お)き、よく枉れる者をして直からしむ、と。何の謂いぞや。子夏曰く、富めるかな、言や。舜(しゅん)、天下を有(たも)ち、衆より選んで皐陶(こうよう)を挙げて、上仁者、遠ざかる。湯(とう)、天下を有(たも)ち、衆より選んで伊尹(いいん)を挙げて、上仁者、遠ざかれり。

12-23
Tsze-kung asked about friendship. The Master said, "Faithfully admonish your friend, and skillfully lead him on. If you find him impracticable, stop. Do not disgrace yourself."
子貢問友、子曰、忠告而以善道之、無自辱焉、
子貢(しこう)、友を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、忠告して善くこれを道(みちび)く。可(き)かざれば止(や)む。みずから辱(はずかし)めらるるなかれ。
12-24
The philosopher Tsang said, "The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by friendship helps his virtue."
曾子曰、君子以文會友、以友輔仁、
曾子(そうし)曰く、君子は文(ぶん)をもって友を会(かい)し、友をもって仁を輔(たす)く。

[TOP]


-------------------------
子路 第十三

13-01
Tsze-lu asked about government. The Master said, "Go before the people with your example, and be laborious in their affairs."
He requested further instruction, and was answered, "Be not weary in these things."
子路問政、子曰、先之勞之、請益、曰、無倦、
子路(しろ)、政(まつりごと)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、これに先んじ、これを労(ねぎら)う。益(えき)を請う。曰く、倦(う)むことなかれ。

13-02
Chung-kung, being chief minister to the head of the Chi family, asked about government. The Master said, "Employ first the services of your various officers, pardon small faults, and raise to office men of virtue and talents."
Chung-kung said, "How shall I know the men of virtue and talent, so that I may raise them to office?" He was answered, "Raise to office those whom you know. As to those whom you do not know, will others neglect them?"
仲弓爲季氏宰、問政、子曰、先有司、赦小過、擧賢才、曰、焉知賢才而擧之、曰、擧爾所知、爾所上知、人其舎諸、
ちゅうきゅう)、季氏(きし)の宰(さい)となり、政(まつりごと)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、先(さき)の有司(ゆうし)は、小過(しょうか)を赦(ゆる)し、賢才(けんさい)を挙げよ。曰く、いずくんぞ賢才(けんさい)を知りてこれを挙げん。曰く、なんじの知るところを挙げよ。なんじの知らざるところを、人それこれを舎(お)かんや。

13-03
Tsze-lu said, "The ruler of Wei has been waiting for you, in order with you to administer the government. What will you consider the first thing to be done?"
The Master replied, "What is necessary is to rectify names."
"So! indeed!" said Tsze-lu. "You are wide of the mark! Why must there be such rectification?"
The Master said, "How uncultivated you are, Yu! A superior man, in regard to what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve.
"If names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of things. If language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to success.
"When affairs cannot be carried on to success, proprieties and music do not flourish. When proprieties and music do not flourish, punishments will not be properly awarded. When punishments are not properly awarded, the people do not know how to move hand or foot.
"Therefore a superior man considers it necessary that the names he uses may be spoken appropriately, and also that what he speaks may be carried out appropriately. What the superior man requires is just that in his words there may be nothing incorrect."
子路曰、衛君待子而爲政、子將奚先、子曰、必也正吊乎、子路曰、有是哉、子之迂也、奚其正、子曰、野哉由也、君子於其所上知、蓋闕如也、吊上正則言上順、言上順則事上成、事上成則禮樂上興、禮樂上興則刑罰上中、刑罰上中則民無所措手足、故君子吊之必可言也、言之必可行也、君子於其言、無所苟而已矣、
子路(しろ)曰く、衛君(えいくん)、子(し)を待ちて政(まつりごと)をなさば、子はまさにいずれをか先にせんとする。子(し)曰(いわ)く、必ずや吊を正さんか。子路曰く、これあるかな、子の迂(う)なるや。いずくんぞそれ正さん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、野(や)なるかな、由(ゆう)や。君子はその知らざるところにおいて、けだし闕如(けつじょ)たり。吊正しからざれば、言うこと順ならず。言うこと順ならざれば、事(こと)成らず。事成らざれば、礼楽(れいがく)興(おこ)らず。礼楽興らざれば、刑罰中(あた)らず、刑罰中(あた)らざれば、民手足(しゅそく)を錯(お)くところなし。ゆえに君子はこれに吊すれば、必ず言うべきなり。これを言えば必ず行なうべきなり。君子はその言(げん)において、いやしくもするところなきのみ。

13-04
Fan Ch'ih requested to be taught husbandry. The Master said, "I am not so good for that as an old husbandman." He requested also to be taught gardening, and was answered, "I am not so good for that as an old gardener."
Fan Ch'ih having gone out, the Master said, "A small man, indeed, is Fan Hsu! If a superior man love propriety, the people will not dare not to be reverent. If he love righteousness, the people will not dare not to submit to his example. If he love good faith, the people will not dare not to be sincere. Now, when these things obtain, the people from all quarters will come to him, bearing their children on their backs; what need has he of a knowledge of husbandry?"
樊遅請學稼、子曰、吾上如老農、請學爲圃、子曰吾上如老圃、樊遅出、子曰、小人哉樊須也、上好禮、則民莫敢上敬、上好義、則民莫敢上朊、上好信、則民莫敢上用情、夫如是、則四方之民、襁負其子而至矣、焉用稼、
樊遅(はんち)、稼(か)を学ばんと請う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、われは老農にしかず。圃(ほ)を為(つく)ることを学ばんと請う。曰く、われは老圃(ろうほ)にしかず。樊遅(はんち)出ず。子(し)曰(いわ)く、小人なるかな、樊須(はんす)や。上(かみ)、礼を好めば、民あえて敬せざるなし。上、義を好めば、民あえて朊(ふく)せざるなし。上、信を好めば、民あえて情(じょう)を用いざるなし。それかくのごとくんば、四方の民、その子を襁負(きょうふ)して至らん。いずくんぞ稼(か)を用いん。

13-05
The Master said, "Though a man may be able to recite the three hundred odes, yet if, when intrusted with a governmental charge, he knows not how to act, or if, when sent to any quarter on a mission, he cannot give his replies unassisted, notwithstanding the extent of his learning, of what practical use is it?"
子曰、誦詩三百、授之以政上達、使於四方上能専尊、雖多亦奚以爲、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、詩三百を誦(しょう)す。これに授(さず)くるに政(まつりごと)をもってして達せず。四方に使いして専対(せんたい)するあたわずんば、多しといえどもまた奚(なに)をもってなさん。

13-06
The Master said, "When a prince's personal conduct is correct, his government is effective without the issuing of orders. If his personal conduct is not correct, he may issue orders, but they will not be followed."
子曰、其身正、上令而行、其身上正、雖令上從、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、その身正しければ、令(れい)せずして行なわる。その身正しからざれば、令すといえども従(したが)われず。
13-07
The Master said, "The governments of Lu and Wei are brothers."
子曰、魯衛之政兄弟也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、魯(ろ)と衛(えい)との政(まつりごと)は、兄弟(けいてい)なり。

13-08
The Master said of Ching, a scion of the ducal family of Wei, that he knew the economy of a family well. When he began to have means, he said, "Ha! here is a collection-!" When they were a little increased, he said, "Ha! this is complete!" When he had become rich, he said, "Ha! this is admirable!"
子謂衛公子荊、善居室、始有曰苟合矣、少有曰苟完矣、富有曰苟美矣、
子、衛(えい)の公子荊(こうしけい)を謂う、善く室に居る、と。始めて有るや曰く、苟(いやし)くも合せり、と。少しく有れば曰く、苟(いやし)くも完(まった)し、と。富有なれば曰く、苟(いやし)くも美なり、と。

13-09
When the Master went to Weil Zan Yu acted as driver of his carriage.
The Master observed, "How numerous are the people!" Yu said, "Since they are thus numerous, what more shall be done for them?" "Enrich them, was the reply.
"And when they have been enriched, what more shall be done?" The Master said, "Teach them."
子適衛、冉有僕、子曰、庶矣哉、冉有曰、既庶矣、叉何加焉、曰富之、曰既富矣、叉何加焉、曰教之、
子、衛(えい)に適(ゆ)く。冉有(ぜんゆう)、僕(ぼく)たり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、庶(おお)いかな。冉有曰く、すでに庶(おお)し。また何をか加えん。曰く、これを富(と)まさん。曰く、すでに富めば、また何をか加えん。曰く、これに教(おし)えん。
13-10
The Master said, "If there were any of the princes who would employ me, in the course of twelve months, I should have done something considerable. In three years, the government would be perfected."
子曰、苟有用我者、期月而已可也、三年有成、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、苟(いやし)くもわれを用うる者あらば、期月(きげつ)のみにして可ならん。三年にして成(な)るあらん。
13-11
The Master said, "'If good men were to govern a country in succession for a hundred years, they would be able to transform the violently bad, and dispense with capital punishments.' True indeed is this saying!"
子曰、善人爲邦百年、亦可以勝殘去殺矣、誠哉是言也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、善人、邦(くに)を為(おさ)むること百年ならば、またもって残(ざん)に勝ち殺(さつ)を去るべし、と。誠なるかな、この言(げん)や。

13-12
The Master said, "If a truly royal ruler were to arise, it would stir require a generation, and then virtue would prevail."
子曰、如有王者、必世而後仁、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、もし王者あらんも、必ず世にしてのちに仁たらん。
13-13
The Master said, "If a minister make his own conduct correct, what difficulty will he have in assisting in government? If he cannot rectify himself, what has he to do with rectifying others?"
子曰、苟正其身矣、於從政乎何有、上能正其身、如正人何、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、苟(いやし)くもその身を正しくせば、政(まつりごと)に従うにおいて何かあらん。その身を正しくするあたわずんば、政(まつりごと)をいかんせん。

13-14
The disciple Zan returning from the court, the Master said to him, "How are you so late?" He replied, "We had government business." The Master said, "It must have been family affairs. If there had been government business, though I am not now in office, I should have been consulted about it."
冉子退朝、子曰、何晏也、尊曰、有政、子曰、其事也、如有政、雖上吾以、吾其與聞之、
冉子(ぜんし)、朝(ちょう)より退く。子(し)曰(いわ)く、なんぞ晏(おそ)きや。対えて曰く、政(まつりごと)ありき。子(し)曰(いわ)く、それ事(こと)ならん。もし政(まつりごと)あらば、われをもってせずといえども、われそれこれに与(あずか)り聞かん。

13-15
The Duke Ting asked whether there was a single sentence which could make a country prosperous. Confucius replied, "Such an effect cannot be expected from one sentence.
"There is a saying, however, which people have -'To be a prince is difficult; to be a minister is not easy.'
"If a ruler knows this,-the difficulty of being a prince,-may there not be expected from this one sentence the prosperity of his country?"
The duke then said, "Is there a single sentence which can ruin a country?" Confucius replied, "Such an effect as that cannot be expected from one sentence. There is, however, the saying which people have-'I have no pleasure in being a prince, but only in that no one can offer any opposition to what I say!'
"If a ruler's words be good, is it not also good that no one oppose them? But if they are not good, and no one opposes them, may there not be expected from this one sentence the ruin of his country?"
定公問、一言而可以興邦有諸、孔子尊曰、言上可以若是、其幾也、人之言曰、爲君難、爲臣上易、如知爲君之難也、上幾乎一言而興邦乎、曰、一言而可喪邦有諸、孔子尊曰、言上可以若是、其幾也、人之言曰、予無樂乎爲君、唯其言而樂莫予違也、如其善而莫之違也、上亦善乎、如上善而莫之違也、上幾乎一言而喪邦乎、
定公(ていこう)、問う。一言にしてもって邦(くに)を興(おこ)すべきはこれあるか。孔子対えて曰く、言はもってかくのごとくなるべからざるも、それ幾(ちか)きか。人の言に曰く、君たるは難く、臣たるは易(やす)からず、と。もし君たるの難きを知らば、一言にして邦を興すに幾(ちか)からずや。曰く、一言にして邦を喪(ほろぼ)すもの、これありや。孔子対えて曰く、言はもってかくのごとくなるべからざるも、それ幾(ちか)きか。人の言に曰く、われ君たるより楽しきはなし。ただそれ言うのみにして、われに違(たが)うなきなり、と。もしそれ善くしてこれに違(たが)うなくんば、また善からずや。もし善からずして、これに違(たが)うなくんば、一言にして邦を喪ぼすに幾(ちか)からずや。

13-16
The Duke of Sheh asked about government. The Master said, "Good government obtains when those who are near are made happy, and those who are far off are attracted."
葉公問政、子曰、近者説、遠者來、
葉公(しょうこう)、政(まつりごと)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、近き者説(よろこ)べば、遠き者来(きた)る。

13-17
Tsze-hsia! being governor of Chu-fu, asked about government. The Master said, "Do not be desirous to have things done quickly; do not look at small advantages. Desire to have things done quickly prevents their being done thoroughly. Looking at small advantages prevents great affairs from being accomplished."
子夏爲魯キョ父宰、問政、子曰、毋欲速、毋見小利、欲速則上達、見小利則大事上成、
子夏(しか)、?父(きょほ)の宰となり、政(まつりごと)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、速(すみや)かなるを欲するなかれ。小利(しょうり)を見ることなかれ。速(すみや)かならんと欲すれば達せず。小利を見れば、大事(だいじ)成らず。

13-18
The Duke of Sheh informed Confucius, saying, "Among us here there are those who may be styled upright in their conduct. If their father have stolen a sheep, they will bear witness to the fact."
Confucius said, "Among us, in our part of the country, those who are upright are different from this. The father conceals the misconduct of the son, and the son conceals the misconduct of the father. Uprightness is to be found in this."
葉公語孔子曰、吾黨有直躬者、其父攘羊、而子證之、孔子曰、吾黨之直者異於是、父爲子隱、子爲父隱、直在其中矣、
葉公(しょうこう)、孔子に語りて曰く、わが党に直躬(ちょくきゅう)なる者あり。その父、羊(ひつじ)を攘(ぬす)む。しこうして子(こ)、これを証(しょう)せり。孔子曰く、わが党の直(なお)き者はこれに異なり。父は子のために隠(かく)し、子は父のために隠す。直(なお)きことその中(うち)に在り。

13-19
Fan Ch'ih asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "It is, in retirement, to be sedately grave; in the management of business, to be reverently attentive; in intercourse with others, to be strictly sincere. Though a man go among rude, uncultivated tribes, these qualities may not be neglected."
樊遅問仁、子曰、居處恭、執事敬、與之夷狄、上可棄也、
樊遅(はんち)、仁を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、居処(きょしょ)するに恭(うやうや)しく、事(こと)を執(と)るに敬(つつ)しみ、人に与(むか)って忠ならば、夷狄(いてき)に之(ゆ)くといえども、棄(す)つべからざるなり。

13-20
Tsze-kung asked, saying, "What qualities must a man possess to entitle him to be called an officer? The Master said, "He who in his conduct of himself maintains a sense of shame, and when sent to any quarter will not disgrace his prince's commission, deserves to be called an officer."
Tsze-kung pursued, "I venture to ask who may be placed in the next lower rank?" And he was told, "He whom the circle of his relatives pronounce to be filial, whom his fellow villagers and neighbors pronounce to be fraternal."
Again the disciple asked, "I venture to ask about the class still next in order." The Master said, "They are determined to be sincere in what they say, and to carry out what they do. They are obstinate little men. Yet perhaps they may make the next class."
Tsze-kung finally inquired, "Of what sort are those of the present day, who engage in government?" The Master said "Pooh! they are so many pecks and hampers, not worth being taken into account."
子貢問曰、何如斯可謂之士矣、子曰、行己有恥、使於四方上辱君命、可謂士矣、曰、敢問其次、曰、宗族稱孝焉、郷黨稱弟焉、曰、敢問其次、曰、言必信、行必果、 硜硜然小人也、抑亦可以爲次矣、曰、今之從政者何如、子曰、噫、斗筲之人、何足算也、
子貢、問うて曰く、いかなればここにこれを士と謂うべきか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、おのれを行なうに恥あり。四方に使いして君命を辱(はずか)しめず。士と謂うべし。曰く、あえてその次を問う。曰く、宗族(そうぞく)、孝を称し、郷党(きょうとう)、弟(てい)を称す。曰く、あえてその次を問う。曰く、言うこと必ず信、行なうこと必ず果(か)、硜硜然(こうこうぜん)として小人なるかな。そもそもまたもって次となすべし。曰く、今の政(まつりごと)に従う者はいかん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、噫(ああ)、斗筲(とそう)の人、なんぞ算(かぞ)うるに足(た)らんや。

13-21
The Master said, "Since I cannot get men pursuing the due medium, to whom I might communicate my instructions, I must find the ardent and the cautiously-decided. The ardent will advance and lay hold of truth; the cautiously-decided will keep themselves from what is wrong."
子曰、上得中行而與之、必也狂狷乎、狂者進取、狷者有所上爲也、
し)曰(いわ)く、中行(ちゅうこう)なるものを得てこれに与(くみ)するにあらずんば、必ずや狂狷(きょうけん)か。狂なる者は進んで取り、狷(けん)なる者はなさざるところあるなり。

13-22
The Master said, "The people of the south have a saying -'A man without constancy cannot be either a wizard or a doctor.' Good!
"Inconstant in his virtue, he will be visited with disgrace."
The Master said, "This arises simply from not attending to the prognostication."
子曰、南人有言、曰、人而無恆、上可以作巫醫、善夫、上恆其徳、或承之羞、子曰、上占而已矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、南人(なんじん)言えることあり。曰く、人にして恒(つね)なければ、もって巫医(ふい)を作(な)すべからず、と。善いかな。その徳を恒(つね)にせざれば、あるいはこれに羞(はじ)を承(すす)む、とあり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、占(うらな)わずしてやまん。

13-23
The Master said, "The superior man is affable, but not adulatory; the mean man is adulatory, but not affable."
子曰、君子和而上同、小人同而上和、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は和(わ)して同(どう)ぜず、小人は同じて和せず。

13-24
Tsze-kung asked, saying, "What do you say of a man who is loved by all the people of his neighborhood?" The Master replied, "We may not for that accord our approval of him." "And what do you say of him who is hated by all the people of his neighborhood?" The Master said, "We may not for that conclude that he is bad. It is better than either of these cases that the good in the neighborhood love him, and the bad hate him."
子貢問曰、郷人皆好之何如、子曰、未可也、郷人皆惡之何如、子曰、未可也、上如郷人之善者好之、其上善者惡之也、
子貢(しこう)、問うて曰く、郷人(きょうじん)みなこれを好しとせばいかん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、いまだ可ならざるなり。郷人(きょうじん)みなこれを悪(わろ)しとせばいかん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、いまだ可ならざるなり。郷人(きょうじん)の善き者これを好しとし、その善からざる者これを悪(わろ)しとするにしかず。

13-25
The Master said, "The superior man is easy to serve and difficult to please. If you try to please him in any way which is not accordant with right, he will not be pleased. But in his employment of men, he uses them according to their capacity. The mean man is difficult to serve, and easy to please. If you try to please him, though it be in a way which is not accordant with right, he may be pleased. But in his employment of men, he wishes them to be equal to everything."
子曰、君子易事而難説也、説之上以道、上説也、及其使人也、器之、小人難事而易説也、説之雖上以道、説也、及其使人也、求備焉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は事(つか)え易(やす)くして説(よろこ)ばし難きなり。これを説(よろこ)ばすに道をもってせざれば説(よろこ)ばざるなり。その人を使うに及んでや、これを器(き)とす。小人は事(つか)え難くして説ばし易きなり。これを説(よろこ)ばすに道をもってせずといえども説(よろこ)べばなり。その人を使うに及んでや、備(そな)わるを求む。

13-26
The Master said, "The superior man has a dignified ease without pride. The mean man has pride without a dignified ease."
子曰、君子泰而上驕、小人驕而上泰、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は泰(やす)くして驕(おご)らず。小人は驕りて泰からず。
13-27
The Master said, "The firm, the enduring, the simple, and the modest are near to virtue."
子曰、剛毅朴訥近仁、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、剛(ごう)、毅(き)、木(ぼく)、訥(とつ)なるは仁に近し。

13-28
Tsze-lu asked, saying, "What qualities must a man possess to entitle him to be called a scholar?" The Master said, "He must be thus,-earnest, urgent, and bland:-among his friends, earnest and urgent; among his brethren, bland."
子路問曰、何如斯可謂之士矣、子曰、切切偲偲怡怡如也、可謂士矣、朋友切切偲偲、兄弟怡怡如也、
子路、問うて曰く、いかなればここにこれを士と謂うべきか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、切切(せつせつ)、偲偲(しし)、怡怡如(いいじょ)たらば、士と謂うべきなり。朋友には切切(せつせつ)、偲偲(しし)たり。兄弟(けいてい)には怡怡(いい)たれ。

13-29
The Master said, "Let a good man teach the people seven years, and they may then likewise be employed in war."
子曰、善人教民七年、亦可以即戎矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、善人が民を教うること七年ならば、またもって戎(じゅう)に即(つ)かしむべし。
13-30
The Master said, "To lead an uninstructed people to war, is to throw them away."
子曰、以上教民戰、是謂棄之、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、教えざるの民を以(ひき)いて戦う。これ、これを棄(す)つと謂うなり。

[TOP]


-------------------------
憲問 第十四

14-01
Hsien asked what was shameful. The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, to be thinking only of salary; and, when bad government prevails, to be thinking, in the same way, only of salary;-this is shameful."
憲問恥、子曰、邦有道穀、邦無道穀、恥也、
けん)、恥(はじ)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、邦(くに)に道あれば穀(こく)す。邦に道なくして穀するは、恥(はじ)なり。

14-02
"When the love of superiority, boasting, resentments, and covetousness are repressed, this may be deemed perfect virtue."
The Master said, "This may be regarded as the achievement of what is difficult. But I do not know that it is to be deemed perfect virtue."
克伐怨欲上行焉、可以爲仁矣、子曰、可以爲難矣、仁則吾上知也、
克(こく)・伐(ばつ)・怨(えん)・欲(よく)、行なわれざるは、もって仁となすべきか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、もって難(かた)しとなすべし。仁はすなわちわれ知(し)らざるなり。

14-03
The Master said, "The scholar who cherishes the love of comfort is not fit to be deemed a scholar."
子曰、士而懐居、上足以爲士矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、士にして居を懐(おも)えば、もって士となすに足らず。
14-04
The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, language may be lofty and bold, and actions the same. When bad government prevails, the actions may be lofty and bold, but the language may be with some reserve."
子曰、邦有道危言危行、邦無道危行言孫、
し)曰(いわ)く、邦(くに)に道あるときは、言を危(たか)くし行ないを危(たか)くす。邦に道なきときは、行ないを危(たか)くし、言は孫(ゆず)る。

14-05
The Master said, "The virtuous will be sure to speak correctly, but those whose speech is good may not always be virtuous. Men of principle are sure to be bold, but those who are bold may not always be men of principle."
子曰、有徳者必有言、有言者上必有徳、仁者必勇、勇者上必有仁、
し)曰(いわ)く、徳ある者は必ず言あり。言ある者は必ずしも徳あらず。仁者(じんしゃ)は必ず勇あり。勇者(ゆうしゃ)は必ずしも仁(じん)あらず。

14-06
Nan-kung Kwo, submitting an inquiry to Confucius, said, "I was skillful at archery, and Ao could move a boat along upon the land, but neither of them died a natural death. Yu and Chi personally wrought at the toils of husbandry, and they became possessors of the kingdom." The Master made no reply; but when Nan-kung Kwo went out, he said, "A superior man indeed is this! An esteemer of virtue indeed is this!"
南宮适問於孔子曰、羿善射、奡盪舟、倶上得其死然、禹稷躬稼而有天下、夫子上答、南宮适出、子曰、君子哉若人、尚徳哉若人、
南宮适(なんきゅうかつ)、孔子に問いて曰く、羿(げい)は射(しゃ)を善(よ)くし、奡(ごう)は舟を盪(くつが)えす。ともにその死の然(しか)るを得ず。禹(う)、稷(しょく)は躬(みず)から稼(か)して天下を有(たも)てり、と。夫子、答えず。南宮适(なんきゅうかつ)出ず。子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子なるかな、かくのごとき人、徳を尚(たっと)ぶかな、かくのごとき人。

14-07
The Master said, "Superior men, and yet not always virtuous, there have been, alas! But there never has been a mean man, and, at the same time, virtuous."
子曰、君子而上仁者有矣夫、未有小人而仁者也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子にして上仁(ふじん)なる者あるかな。いまだ小人(しょうじん)にして仁なる者あらざるなり。
14-08
The Master said, "Can there be love which does not lead to strictness with its object? Can there be loyalty which does not lead to the instruction of its object?"
子曰、愛之能勿勞乎、忠焉能勿誨乎、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、これを愛してはよく労(ねぎら)うなからんや。忠ならば、よく誨(おし)うるなからんや。

14-09
The Master said, "In preparing the governmental notifications, P'i Shan first made the rough draft; Shi-shu examined and discussed its contents; Tsze-yu, the manager of foreign intercourse, then polished the style; and, finally, Tsze-ch'an of Tung-li gave it the proper elegance and finish."
子曰、爲命卑諶草創之、世叔討論之、行人子羽脩飾之、東里子産潤色之、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、命(めい)を為(つく)るには、卑諶(ひじん)、これを草創(そうそう)し、世叔(せいしゅく)、これを討論し、行人(こうじん)子羽(しう)、これを脩飾(しゅうしょく)し、東里(とうり)の子産(しさん)、これを潤色(じゅんしょく)せり。

14-10
Some one asked about Tsze-ch'an. The Master said, "He was a kind man."
He asked about Tsze-hsi. The Master said, "That man! That man!"
He asked about Kwan Chung. "For him," said the Master, "the city of Pien, with three hundred families, was taken from the chief of the Po family, who did not utter a murmuring word, though, to the end of his life, he had only coarse rice to eat."
或問子産、子曰、惠人也、問子西、曰、彼哉、彼哉、問管仲、曰、人也、奪伯氏駢邑三百、飯疏食、沒齒無怨言、
あるひと子産(しさん)を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、恵人(けいじん)なり。子西(しせい)を問う。曰く、彼をや、彼をや。管仲(かんちゅう)を問う。曰く、人なり。伯氏(はくし)の駢邑(べんゆう)三百を奪う。疏食(そし)を飯(くら)い、歯(し)を没するまで怨言(えんげん)なかりき。

14-11
The Master said, "To be poor without murmuring is difficult. To be rich without being proud is easy."
子曰、貧而無怨難、富而無驕易、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、貧(ひん)にして怨むなきは難(かた)く、富みて驕(おご)るなきは易(やす)し。
14-12
The Master said, "Mang Kung-ch'o is more than fit to be chief officer in the families of Chao and Wei, but he is not fit to be great officer to either of the states Tang or Hsieh."
子曰、孟公綽爲趙魏老則優、上可以爲膝薛大夫也、
(し)曰(いわ)く、孟公綽(もうこうしゃく)は趙(ちょう)・魏(ぎ)の老(ろう)たるには優なり。もって滕(とう)・薛(せつ)の大夫となるべからず。

14-13
Tsze-lu asked what constituted a COMPLETE man. The Master said, "Suppose a man with the knowledge of Tsang Wu-chung, the freedom from covetousness of Kung-ch'o, the bravery of Chwang of Pien, and the varied talents of Zan Ch'iu; add to these the accomplishments of the rules of propriety and music;-such a one might be reckoned a Complete man."
He then added, "But what is the necessity for a complete man of the present day to have all these things? The man, who in the view of gain, thinks of righteousness; who in the view of danger is prepared to give up his life; and who does not forget an old agreement however far back it extends:-such a man may be reckoned a COMPLETE man."
子路問成人、子曰、若臧武仲之知、公綽之上欲、卞莊子之勇、冉求之藝、文之以禮樂、亦可以爲成人矣、曰、今之成人者、何必然、見利思義、見危授命、久要上忘平生之言、亦可以爲成人矣、
子路(しろ)、成人を問うて曰く、臧武仲(ぞうぶちゅう)の知、公綽(こうしゃく)の上欲、卞荘子(べんそうし)の勇、冉求(ぜんきゅう)の芸あるがごとくして、これを文(かざ)るに礼楽をもってすれば、またもって成人となすべきか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、今の成人なる者はなんぞ必ずしも然(しか)らん。利を見ては義を思い、危(あやう)きを見ては命(いのち)を授け、久要(きゅうよう)に平生(へいぜい)の言を忘れざれば、またもって成人(せいじん)となすべし。

14-14
The Master asked Kung-ming Chia about Kung-shu Wan, saying, "Is it true that your master speaks not, laughs not, and takes not?"
Kung-ming Chia replied, "This has arisen from the reporters going beyond the truth.-My master speaks when it is the time to speak, and so men do not get tired of his speaking. He laughs when there is occasion to be joyful, and so men do not get tired of his laughing. He takes when it is consistent with righteousness to do so, and so men do not get tired of his taking." The Master said, "So! But is it so with him?"
子問公叔文子於公明賈、曰、信乎、夫子上言上笑上取乎、公明賈尊曰、以告者過也、夫子時然後言、人上厭其言也、樂然後笑、人上厭其言也、義然後取、人上厭其取也、子曰、其然、豈其然乎、
子、公叔文子(こうしゅくぶんし)を公明賈(こうめいか)に問うて曰く、信(まこと)なるか、夫子は言わず、笑わず、取らずとは。公明賈(こうめいか)対えて曰く、もって告(つ)ぐる者の過(あやま)ちなり。夫子は時にしてしかるのちに言う。人、その言を厭(いと)わず。楽んでしかるのちに笑う。人、その笑うを厭(いと)わず。義にしてしかるのちに取る。人、その取るを厭(いと)わず。子(し)曰(いわ)く、それしかり。あにそれしからんや。

14-15
The Master said, "Tsang Wu-chung, keeping possession of Fang, asked of the duke of Lu to appoint a successor to him in his family. Although it may be said that he was not using force with his sovereign, I believe he was."
子曰、臧武仲以防求爲後於魯、雖曰上要君、吾上信也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、臧武仲(ぞうぶちゅう)は防(ぼう)をもってのちをなすことを魯(ろ)に求めたり。君を要(よう)せずというといえども、われは信(しん)ぜざるなり。
14-16
The Master said, "The duke Wan of Tsin was crafty and not upright. The duke Hwan of Ch'i was upright and not crafty."
子曰、晋文公譎而上正、齊桓公正而上譎、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、晋(しん)の文公は、譎(きつ)にして正ならず。斉(せい)の桓公(かんこう)は正にして譎(きつ)ならず。

14-17
Tsze-lu said, "The Duke Hwan caused his brother Chiu to be killed, when Shao Hu died, with his master, but Kwan Chung did not die. May not I say that he was wanting in virtue?"
The Master said, "The Duke Hwan assembled all the princes together, and that not with weapons of war and chariots:-it was all through the influence of Kwan Chung. Whose beneficence was like his? Whose beneficence was like his?"
子路曰、桓公殺公子糾、召忽死之、管仲上死、曰未仁乎、子曰、桓公九合諸侯、上以兵車、管仲之力也、如其仁、如其仁、
子路(しろ)曰く、桓公(かんこう)、公子糾(こうしきゅう)を殺して、召忽(しょうこつ)これに死し、管仲(かんちゅう)は死せず。いまだ仁ならずといわんか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、桓公は諸侯を九合(きゅうごう)し、兵車をもってせざるは、管仲の力なり。その仁を如(いかん)せん、その仁を如(いかん)せん。

14-18
Tsze-kung said, "Kwan Chung, I apprehend was wanting in virtue. When the Duke Hwan caused his brother Chiu to be killed, Kwan Chung was not able to die with him. Moreover, he became prime minister to Hwan."
The Master said, "Kwan Chung acted as prime minister to the Duke Hwan made him leader of all the princes, and united and rectified the whole kingdom. Down to the present day, the people enjoy the gifts which he conferred. But for Kwan Chung, we should now be wearing our hair unbound, and the lappets of our coats buttoning on the left side.
"Will you require from him the small fidelity of common men and common women, who would commit suicide in a stream or ditch, no one knowing anything about them?"
子貢曰、管仲非仁者與、桓公殺公子糾、上能死、叉相之、子曰、管仲相桓公覇諸侯、一匡天下、民到于今受其賜、微管仲、吾其被髪左衽矣、豈若匹夫匹婦之爲諒也、自経於溝涜而莫之知也、
子貢(しこう)曰く、管仲(かんちゅう)は非仁なる者か。桓公(かんこう)、公子糾(こうしきゅう)を殺したるに、死するあたわず。またこれに相(しょう)たり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、管仲は桓公を相(しょう)とし、諸侯に覇(は)たらしめ、天下を一匡(いっきょう)す。民、今に到(いた)るまで、その賜(し)を受く。管仲微(なか)りせば、われそれ髪(はつ)を被(こうむ)り、衽(えり)を左にせん。あに匹夫(ひっぷ)匹婦(ひっぷ)の諒(まこと)をなし、みずから溝?(こうとく)に経(くび)れてこれを知るなきがごとくせんや。

14-19
The great officer, Hsien, who had been family minister to Kung-shu Wan, ascended to the prince's court in company with Wan.
The Master, having heard of it, said, "He deserved to be considered WAN (the accomplished)."
公叔文子之臣大夫僎、與文子同升諸公、子聞之曰、可以爲文矣、
公叔文子(こうしゅくぶんし)の臣の大夫僎(せん)、文子と同じく、これを公に升(しょう)さる。子、これを聞いて曰く、もって文(ぶん)となすべし。

14-20
The Master was speaking about the unprincipled course of the duke Ling of Weil when Ch'i K'ang said, "Since he is of such a character, how is it he does not lose his state?"
Confucius said, "The Chung-shu Yu has the superintendence of his guests and of strangers; the litanist, T'o, has the management of his ancestral temple; and Wang-sun Chia has the direction of the army and forces:-with such officers as these, how should he lose his state?"
子言衛霊公之無道也、康子曰、夫如是、奚而上喪、孔子曰、仲叔圉治賓客、祝鴕治宗廟、王孫賈治軍旅、夫如是、奚其喪、
子、衛(えい)の霊公(れいこう)の無道(むどう)を言うや、康子(こうし)曰く、それかくのごとくんば、なんすれぞ喪(ほろ)びざる。孔子曰く、仲叔圉(ちゅうしゅくぎょ)、賓客(ひんかく)を治め、祝?(しゅくだ)、宗廟(そうびょう)を治め、王孫賈(おうそんか)、軍旅(ぐんりょ)を治む。それかくのごとし、なんすれぞそれ喪(ほろ)びん。

14-21
The Master said, "He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to make his words good."
子曰、其言之上作、則其爲之也難、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、それこれを言いて作(は)じざれば、すなわちこれをなすや難(かた)し。

14-22
Chan Ch'ang murdered the Duke Chien of Ch'i. Confucius bathed, went to court and informed the Duke Ai, saying, "Chan Hang has slain his sovereign. I beg that you will undertake to punish him."
The duke said, "Inform the chiefs of the three families of it."
Confucius retired, and said, "Following in the rear of the great officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter, and my prince says, "Inform the chiefs of the three families of it."
He went to the chiefs, and informed them, but they would not act. Confucius then said, "Following in the rear of the great officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter."
陳成子弑簡公、孔子沐浴而朝、告於哀公曰、陳恆弑其君、請討之、公曰、告夫三子、孔子曰、以吾從大夫之後、上敢上告也、君曰、告夫三子者、之三子告、上可、孔子曰、以吾從大夫之後、上敢上告也、
陳成子(ちんせいし)、簡公(かんこう)を弑(しい)す。孔子、沐浴(もくよく)して朝(ちょう)し、哀公(あいこう)に告げて曰く、陳恒(ちんこう)、その君(きみ)を弑(しい)す。請うこれを討(う)たん。公曰く、かの三子(さんし)に告げよ。孔子曰く、われは大夫の後(しりえ)に従うをもって、あえて告げずんばあらざるなり。君(きみ)は曰う、かの三子者(さんししゃ)に告げよ、と。三子に之(ゆ)きて告ぐ。可(き)かれず。孔子曰く、われは大夫の後(しりえ)に従うをもって、あえて告(つ)げずんばあらざるなり、と。

14-23
Tsze-lu asked how a ruler should be served. The Master said, "Do not impose on him, and, moreover, withstand him to his face."
子路問事君、子曰、勿欺也、而犯之、
路(しろ)、君(きみ)に事(つか)えんことを問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、欺(あざむ)くなかれ。しこうしてこれを犯(おか)せ。
14-24
The Master said, "The progress of the superior man is upwards; the progress of the mean man is downwards."
子曰、君子上達、小人下達、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は上達(じょうたつ)し、小人(しょうじん)は下達(かたつ)す。
14-25
The Master said, "In ancient times, men learned with a view to their own improvement. Nowadays, men learn with a view to the approbation of others."
子曰、古之學者爲己、今之學者爲人、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、古(いにしえ)の学者はおのれのためにす。今の学者は人のためにす。

14-26
Chu Po-yu sent a messenger with friendly inquiries to Confucius.
Confucius sat with him, and questioned him. "What," said he! "is your master engaged in?" The messenger replied, "My master is anxious to make his faults few, but he has not yet succeeded." He then went out, and the Master said, "A messenger indeed! A messenger indeed!"
蘧伯玉使人於孔子、孔子與之坐而問焉、曰夫子何爲、尊曰、夫子欲寡其過而未能也、使者出、子曰、使乎使乎、
蘧伯玉(きょはくぎょく)、人を孔子に使いせしむ。孔子、これに坐を与えて問うて曰く、夫子は何をかなす。対えて曰く、夫子はその過ちを寡(すくな)くせんと欲していまだあたわざるなり。使者出(い)ず。子(し)曰(いわ)く、使(つか)いなるかな、使(つか)いなるかな。

14-27
The Master said, "He who is not in any particular office has nothing to do with plans for the administration of its duties."
子曰、上在其位、上謀其政、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、その位にあらざれば、その政(まつりごと)を謀(はか)らず。
14-28
The philosopher Tsang said, "The superior man, in his thoughts, does not go out of his place."
曾子曰、君子思上出其位、
子(そうし)曰く、君子は思うこと、その位より出でず。
14-29
The Master said, "The superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions."
子曰、君子恥其言之過其行也、
(し)曰(いわ)く、君子はその言(げん)のその行ないに過(す)ぐるを恥(は)ず。

14-30
The Master said, "The way of the superior man is threefold, but I am not equal to it. Virtuous, he is free from anxieties; wise, he is free from perplexities; bold, he is free from fear.
子曰、君子道者三、我無能焉、仁者上憂、知者上惑、勇者上懼、子貢曰、夫子自道也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子の道なる者三(さん)あり。われよくするなし。仁者(じんしゃ)は憂えず、知者は惑わず。勇者は懼(おそ)れず。子貢曰く、夫子みずから道(い)うなり。

14-31
Tsze-kung said, "Master, that is what you yourself say."
Tsze-kung was in the habit of comparing men together. The Master said, "Tsze must have reached a high pitch of excellence! Now, I have not leisure for this."
子貢方人、子曰、賜也賢乎哉、夫我則上暇、
貢(しこう)、人を方(たくら)ぶ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、賜(し)や、賢なるかな。われはすなわち暇(いとま)あらず。
14-32
The Master said, "I will not be concerned at men's not knowing me; I will be concerned at my own want of ability."
子曰、上患人之上己知、患己無能也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、人のおのれを知らざるを患(うれ)えず、その上能を患(うれ)うるなり。
14-33
The Master said, "He who does not anticipate attempts to deceive him, nor think beforehand of his not being believed, and yet apprehends these things readily when they occur;-is he not a man of superior worth?"
子曰、上逆詐、上億上信、抑亦先覺者、是賢乎、
(し)曰(いわ)く、詐(いつわ)りを逆(むか)えず。信(まこと)ならざるを億(はか)らず。そもそもまた先ず覚(さと)る者はこれ賢(けん)なるか。

14-34
Wei-shang Mau said to Confucius, "Ch'iu, how is it that you keep roosting about? Is it not that you are an insinuating talker?
Confucius said, "I do not dare to play the part of such a talker, but I hate obstinacy."
微生畝謂孔子曰、丘何爲是栖栖者與、無乃爲佞乎、孔子尊曰、非敢爲佞也、疾固也、
微生?(びせいほ)、孔子を謂いて曰く、丘(きゅう)はなんぞこの栖栖(せいせい)たるをなすか。すなわち佞(ねい)たるなからんや、と。孔子曰く、あえて佞(ねい)をなすにあらず。固きを疾(にく)むなり。

14-35
The Master said, "A horse is called a ch'i, not because of its strength, but because of its other good qualities."
子曰、驥上称其力、称其徳也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、驥(き)はその力を称(しょう)せず。その徳を称するなり。
14-36
Some one said, "What do you say concerning the principle that injury should be recompensed with kindness?"
The Master said, "With what then will you recompense kindness?"
"Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness."
或曰、以徳報怨、何如、子曰、何以報徳、以直報怨、以徳報徳、
或るひと曰く、徳をもって怨みに報(むく)いたらばいかん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、何をもって徳に報(むく)いん。直(なお)きをもって怨みに報い、徳をもって徳に報(むく)いん。

14-37
The Master said, "Alas! there is no one that knows me." Tsze-kung said, "What do you mean by thus saying-that no one knows you?" The Master replied, "I do not murmur against Heaven. I do not grumble against men. My studies lie low, and my penetration rises high. But there is Heaven;-that knows me!"
子曰、莫我知也夫、子貢曰、何爲其莫知子也、子曰、上怨天、上尤人、下學而上達、知我者其天乎、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われを知るものなきかな。子貢(しこう)曰く、何すれぞそれ子を知るなからんや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、天を怨(うら)みず、人を尤(とが)めず、下学(かがく)して上達(じょうたつ)す。われを知る者は、それ天(てん)なるか。

14-38
The Kung-po Liao, having slandered Tsze-lu to Chi-sun, Tsze-fu Ching-po informed Confucius of it, saying, "Our master is certainly being led astray by the Kung-po Liao, but I have still power enough left to cut Liao off, and expose his corpse in the market and in the court."
The Master said, "If my principles are to advance, it is so ordered. If they are to fall to the ground, it is so ordered. What can the Kung-po Liao do where such ordering is concerned?"
公伯寮愬子路於季孫、子朊景伯以告曰、夫子固有惑志於公伯寮也、吾力猶能肆諸市朝、子曰、道之將行也與、命也、道之將廢也與、命也、公伯寮其如命何、
こうはくりょう)、子路(しろ)を季孫(きそん)に愬(うった)う。子朊景伯(しふくけいはく)、もって告げて曰く、夫子固(もと)より公伯寮に惑志(わくし)あり。わが力、なおよくこれを市朝(しちょう)に肆(さら)さん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、道のまさに行なわれんとするや、命なり。道のまさに廃(すた)れんとするや、命なり。公伯寮(こうはくりょう)、それ命をいかんせん。

14-39
The Master said, "Some men of worth retire from the world. Some retire from particular states. Some retire because of disrespectful looks. Some retire because of contradictory language."
The Master said, "Those who have done this are seven men."
子曰、賢者避世、其次避地、其次避色、其次避色、子曰、作者七人矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、賢者は世を辟(さ)く。その次には地を辟(さ)く。その次には色(いろ)を辟(さ)く。その次には言を辟(さ)く。
14-40
Tsze-lu happening to pass the night in Shih-man, the gatekeeper said to him, "Whom do you come from?" Tsze-lu said, "From Mr. K'ung." "It is he,-is it not?"-said the other, "who knows the impracticable nature of the times and yet will be doing in them."
子路宿於石門、晨門曰、奚自、子路曰、自孔氏、是知其上可而爲之者與、
しろ)、石門(せきもん)に宿(しゅく)す。晨門(しんもん)曰く、いずれよりする。子路曰く、孔氏よりす。曰く、これその(なす)べからざるを知りて、これをなさんとする者(もの)か。

14-41
The Master was playing, one day, on a musical stone in Weil when a man carrying a straw basket passed door of the house where Confucius was, and said, "His heart is full who so beats the musical stone."
A little while after, he added, "How contemptible is the one-ideaed obstinacy those sounds display! When one is taken no notice of, he has simply at once to give over his wish for public employment. 'Deep water must be crossed with the clothes on; shallow water may be crossed with the clothes held up.'"
The Master said, "How determined is he in his purpose! But this is not difficult!"
子撃磬於衛、有荷蕢而過孔氏之門者、曰、有心哉撃磬乎、既而曰、鄙哉、 硜硜乎、莫己知也斯己而已矣、深則厲、淺則掲、子曰、果哉、末之難矣、
子、磬(けい)を衛(えい)に撃つ。蕢(ふご)を荷(にな)いて孔氏の門を過ぐる者あり。曰く、心あるかな、磬(けい)を撃(う)つや、と。すでにして曰く、鄙(ひ)なるかな。硜硜(こうこう)たるや。おのれを知るなくんば、ここにやまんのみ、深ければ厲(ころもぬ)ぎ、浅ければ掲(すそかか)ぐ、ものぞ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、果(はだか)なるかな。これを難(かた)しとする末(な)きなり。

14-42
Tsze-chang said, "What is meant when the Shu says that Kao-tsung, while observing the usual imperial mourning, was for three years without speaking?"
The Master said, "Why must Kao-tsung be referred to as an example of this? The ancients all did so. When the sovereign died, the officers all attended to their several duties, taking instructions from the prime minister for three years."
子張曰、書云、高宗諒陰三年上言、何謂也、子曰、何必高宗、古之人皆然、君薨、百官總己以聽於冢宰三年、
子張(しちょう)曰く、書(しょ)に云う、高宗(こうそう)は諒陰(りょうあん)に、三年言(ものい)わず、とあり。なんの謂(い)いぞや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、なんぞ必ずしも高宗のみならん。古(いにしえ)の人はみなしかり。君(きみ)薨(こう)ずれば、百官(ひゃくかん)はおのれを総(す)べて、もって冢宰(ちょうさい)に聴くこと三年なり。

14-43
The Master said, "When rulers love to observe the rules of propriety, the people respond readily to the calls on them for service."
子曰、上好禮、則民易使也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、上(かみ)、礼を好めば、民、使い易(やす)きなり。
14-44
Tsze-lu asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, "The cultivation of himself in reverential carefulness." "And is this all?" said Tsze-lu. "He cultivates himself so as to give rest to others," was the reply. "And is this all?" again asked Tsze-lu. The Master said, "He cultivates himself so as to give rest to all the people. He cultivates himself so as to give rest to all the people:-even Yao and Shun were still solicitous about this."
子路問君子、子曰、脩己以敬、曰如斯而已乎、曰脩己以安人、曰如斯而已乎、曰脩己以安百姓、脩己以安百姓、尭舜其猶病諸、
子路、君子を問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、おのれを脩(おさ)むるに敬をもってす。曰く、かくのごときのみか。曰く、おのれを脩めてもって人を安(やす)んず。曰くかくのごときのみか。曰く、おのれを脩めてもって百姓(ひゃくせい)を安んぜん。おのれを脩めてもって百姓を安んずるは、堯舜(ぎょうしゅん)もそれなおこれを病(や)めり。

14-45
Yuan Zang was squatting on his heels, and so waited the approach of the Master, who said to him, "In youth not humble as befits a junior; in manhood, doing nothing worthy of being handed down; and living on to old age:-this is to be a pest." With this he hit him on the shank with his staff.
原壌夷俟、子曰、幼而上孫弟、長而無述焉、老而上死、是爲賊、以杖叩其脛、
原壌(げんじょう)、夷(あぐら)して俟(ま)つ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、幼にして孫弟(そんてい)ならず、長じて?(おそ)るるところなく、老いて死せず。これを賊(ぞく)となす、と。杖(つえ)をもってその脛(すね)を叩(たた)く。

14-46
A youth of the village of Ch'ueh was employed by Confucius to carry the messages between him and his visitors. Some one asked about him, saying, "I suppose he has made great progress."
The Master said, "I observe that he is fond of occupying the seat of a full-grown man; I observe that he walks shoulder to shoulder with his elders. He is not one who is seeking to make progress in learning. He wishes quickly to become a man."
闕黨童子將命矣、或問之曰、益者與、子曰、吾見其居於位也、見其與先生竝行也、非求益者也、欲速成者也、
闕党(けっとう)の童子(どうじ)、命(めい)を将(おこな)う。ある人これを問いて曰く、益する者か。子(し)曰(いわ)く、われその位(くらい)に居るを見る。その先生と並(なら)び行くを見る。益を求むる者にあらざるなり。速(すみやか)に成(な)らんと欲する者(もの)なり。

[TOP]


-------------------------
衛霊公 第十五

15-01
The Duke Ling of Wei asked Confucius about tactics. Confucius replied, "I have heard all about sacrificial vessels, but I have not learned military matters." On this, he took his departure the next day.
衛靈公問陳於孔子、孔子尊曰、俎豆之事、則嘗聞之矣、軍旅之事、未之學也、明日遂行、
衛(えい)の霊公(れいこう)、陳(ちん)を孔子に問う。孔子対(こた)えて曰く、俎豆(そとう)の事(こと)はすなわちかつてこれを聞けり。軍旅(ぐんりょ)のことはいまだこれを学ばざるなり、と。明日(めいじつ)ついに行(さ)る。

15-02
When he was in Chan, their provisions were exhausted, and his followers became so in that they were unable to rise.
Tsze-lu, with evident dissatisfaction, said, "Has the superior man likewise to endure in this way?" The Master said, "The superior man may indeed have to endure want, but the mean man, when he is in want, gives way to unbridled license."
在陳絶糧、從者病莫能興、子路慍見曰、君子亦有窮乎、子曰、君子固窮、小人窮斯濫矣、
陳にありて糧(りょう)を絶(た)つ。従者病み、よく興(た)つことなし。子路(しろ)慍(いか)り見(まみ)えて曰く、君子もまた窮するあるか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子固(もと)より窮す。小人は窮すればここに濫(らん)す。

15-03
The Master said, "Ts'ze, you think, I suppose, that I am one who learns many things and keeps them in memory?"
Tsze-kung replied, "Yes,-but perhaps it is not so?" "No," was the answer; "I seek a unity all pervading."
子曰、賜也、女以予爲多學而識之者與、尊曰然、非與、曰、非也、予一以貫之、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、賜(し)や、なんじはわれをもって多く学んでこれを識(し)る者となすか。対えて曰く、しかり。あらざるか。曰く、あらず。われは一(いつ)もってこれを貫(つらぬ)く。
15-04
The Master said, "Yu I those who know virtue are few."
子曰、由、知徳者鮮矣、
(し)曰(いわ)く、由(ゆう)や、徳を知る者は鮮(すく)ないかな。
15-05
The Master said, "May not Shun be instanced as having governed efficiently without exertion? What did he do? He did nothing but gravely and reverently occupy his royal seat."
子曰、無爲而治者、其舜也與、夫何爲哉、恭己正南面而已矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、なすなくして治むる者は、それ舜なるか。それ何をかなすや。おのれを恭(うやうや)しくして、南面を正(ただ)すのみ。

15-06
Tsze-chang asked how a man should conduct himself, so as to be everywhere appreciated.
The Master said, "Let his words be sincere and truthful and his actions honorable and careful;-such conduct may be practiced among the rude tribes of the South or the North. If his words be not sincere and truthful and his actions not honorable and carefull will he, with such conduct, be appreciated, even in his neighborhood?
"When he is standing, let him see those two things, as it were, fronting him. When he is in a carriage, let him see them attached to the yoke. Then may he subsequently carry them into practice."
Tsze-chang wrote these counsels on the end of his sash.
子張問行、子曰、言忠信、行篤敬、雖蠻貊之邦行矣、言上忠信、行上篤敬、雖州里行乎哉、立則見其参於前也、在輿則見其倚於衡也、夫然後行也、子張書諸紳、
張(しちょう)、行なわるることを問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、言うこと忠信にして、行ない篤敬(とくけい)なれば、蛮貊(ばんぱく)の邦(くに)といえども行なわれん。言うこと忠信ならず、行ない篤敬ならずんば、州里(しゅうり)といえども行なわれんや。立てばその前に参(まじ)わるを見、輿(よ)にありてはその衡(こう)に倚(よ)るを見て、それしかるのちに行なわれん。子張これを紳(しん)に書す。

15-07
The Master said, "Truly straightforward was the historiographer Yu. When good government prevailed in his state, he was like an arrow. When bad government prevailed, he was like an arrow. A superior man indeed is Chu Po-yu! When good government prevails in his state, he is to be found in office. When bad government prevails, he can roll his principles up, and keep them in his breast."
子曰、直哉史魚、邦有道如矢、邦無道如矢、君子哉蘧伯玉、邦有道則仕、邦無道則可卷而懷之
し)曰(いわ)く、直(ちょく)なるかな、史魚(しぎょ)。邦(くに)に道あれば矢のごとく、邦に道なきも矢のごとし。君子なるかな、蘧伯玉(きょはくぎょく)、邦に道あれば仕え、邦に道なければ、巻(ま)いてこれを懐(ふところ)にすべし。

15-08
The Master said, "When a man may be spoken with, not to speak to him is to err in reference to the man. When a man may not be spoken with, to speak to him is to err in reference to our words. The wise err neither in regard to their man nor to their words."
子曰、可與言而上與之言、失人、上可與言而與之言、失言、知者上失人、亦上失言、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、ともに言うべくしてこれと言わざれば、人を失う。ともに言うべからずしてこれと言えば、言(げん)を失う。知者は人を失わず、また言を失わず。

15-09
The Master said, "The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not seek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete."
子曰、志士仁人、無求生以害仁、有殺身以成仁、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、志士(しし)、仁人(じんじん)は、生を求めてもって仁を害(がい)するなく、身を殺してもって仁を成(な)すあり。

15-10
Tsze-kung asked about the practice of virtue. The Master said, "The mechanic, who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen his tools. When you are living in any state, take service with the most worthy among its great officers, and make friends of the most virtuous among its scholars."
子貢問爲仁、子曰、工欲善其事、必先利其器、居是邦也、事其大夫之賢者、友其士之仁者也、 しこう)、仁を為さんことを問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、工(こう)、その事を善くせんと欲すれば、必ず先ずその器(き)を利にす。是の邦に居るや、その大夫の賢なる者に事(つか)え、その士の仁なる者を友とす。

15-11
Yen Yuan asked how the government of a country should be administered.
The Master said, "Follow the seasons of Hsia. "Ride in the state carriage of Yin. "Wear the ceremonial cap of Chau. "Let the music be the Shao with its pantomimes. Banish the songs of Chang, and keep far from specious talkers. The songs of Chang are licentious; specious talkers are dangerous."
顔淵問爲邦、子曰、行夏之時、乘殷之輅、朊周之冕、樂則韶舞、放鄭聲、遠佞人、鄭聲淫、佞人殆、
淵(がんえん)、邦を為(おさ)めんことを問う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、夏(か)の時を行ない、殷(いん)の輅(ろ)に乗り、周の冕(かんむり)を朊す。楽(がく)はすなわち韶舞(しょうぶ)。鄭声(ていせい)を放ち、佞人(ねいじん)を遠ざく。鄭声は淫(いん)にして、佞人は殆(あや)うし。

15-12
The Master said, "If a man take no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand."
子曰、人而無遠慮、必有近憂、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、人、遠き慮(おもんぱか)りなければ、必ず近き憂えあり。
15-13
The Master said, "It is all over! I have not seen one who loves virtue as he loves beauty."
子曰、已矣乎、吾未見好徳如好色者也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、やんぬるかな。われはいまだ徳を好むこと、色(いろ)を好むがごとき者を見ず。
15-14
The Master said, "Was not Tsang Wan like one who had stolen his situation? He knew the virtue and the talents of Hui of Liu-hsia, and yet did not procure that he should stand with him in court."
子曰、臧文仲其竊位者與、知柳下惠之賢、而上與立也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、臧文仲(ぞうぶんちゅう)はそれ位(くらい)を窃(ぬす)む者か。柳下恵(りゅうかけい)の賢なるを知りて、ともに立(た)たざるなり。

15-15
The Master said, "He who requires much from himself and little from others, will keep himself from being the object of resentment."
子曰、躬自厚、而薄責於人、則遠怨矣、
(し)曰(いわ)く、躬(み)みずから厚くして、薄く人を責(せ)むれば、怨みに遠ざかる。
15-16
The Master said, "When a man is not in the habit of saying-'What shall I think of this? What shall I think of this?' I can indeed do nothing with him!"
子曰、上曰如之何如之何者、吾末如之何也已矣、
(し)曰(いわ)く、これをいかん、これをいかんと曰わざる者は、われこれをいかんともする末(な)きのみ。

15-17
The Master said, "When a number of people are together, for a whole day, without their conversation turning on righteousness, and when they are fond of carrying out the suggestions of a small shrewdness;-theirs is indeed a hard case."
子曰、羣居終日、言上及義、好行小慧、難矣哉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、群居(ぐんきょ)すること終日、言(げん)、義に及ばず、好んで小慧(しょうけい)を行なう。難(かた)いかな。

15-18
The Master said, "The superior man in everything considers righteousness to be essential. He performs it according to the rules of propriety. He brings it forth in humility. He completes it with sincerity. This is indeed a superior man."
子曰、君子義以爲質、禮以行之、孫以出之、信以成之、君子哉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は義、もって質となし、礼、もってこれを行ない、孫(そん)、もってこれを出(い)だし、信、もってこれを成(な)す。君子なるかな。

15-19
The Master said, "The superior man is distressed by his want of ability. He is not distressed by men's not knowing him."
子曰、君子病無能焉、上病人之上己知也、
(し)曰(いわ)く、君子はよくするなきを病(うれ)え、人のおのれを知らざるを病(うれ)えざるなり。
15-20
The Master said, "The superior man dislikes the thought of his name not being mentioned after his death."
子曰、君子疾沒世而吊上称焉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は世(よ)を没して吊の称(しょう)せられざるを疾(や)む。

15-21
The Master said, "What the superior man seeks, is in himself. What the mean man seeks, is in others."
子曰、君子求諸己、小人求諸人、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子はこれをおのれに求め、小人(しょうじん)はこれを人に求む。
15-22
The Master said, "The superior man is dignified, but does not wrangle. He is sociable, but not a partisan."
子曰、君子矜而上爭、羣而上黨、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は矜(ほこ)りて争わず、群(ぐん)して党(とう)せず。
15-23
子曰、君子上以言擧人、上以人廢言、
The Master said, "The superior man does not promote a man simply on account of his words, nor does he put aside good words because of the man."
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は言をもって人を挙(あ)げず、人をもって言を廃(はい)せず。

15-24
Tsze-kung asked, saying, "Is there one word which may serve as a rule of practice for all one's life?" The Master said, "Is not Reciprocity such a word? What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others."
子貢問曰、有一言而可以終身行之者乎、子曰、其恕乎、己所上欲、勿施於人也、
子貢、問うて曰く、一言(いちげん)にしてもって終身これを行なうべきものあるか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、それ恕(じょ)か。おのれの欲せざるところは人に施(ほどこ)すことなかれ。

15-25
The Master said, "In my dealings with men, whose evil do I blame, whose goodness do I praise, beyond what is proper? If I do sometimes exceed in praise, there must be ground for it in my examination of the individual.
"This people supplied the ground why the three dynasties pursued the path of straightforwardness."
子曰、吾之於人也、誰毀誰譽、如有所譽者、其有所試矣、斯民也、三代之所以直道而行也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われの人におけるや、たれをか毀(そし)りたれをか誉(ほ)めん。もし誉むるところある者は、それ試(こころ)みしところあるなり。この民や、三代の直(なお)きをもって道(みちび)いて行(ゆ)かしめしところなり。

15-26
The Master said, "Even in my early days, a historiographer would leave a blank in his text, and he who had a horse would lend him to another to ride. Now, alas! there are no such things."
子曰、吾猶及史之闕文也、有馬者借人乘之、今則亡矣夫、
(し)曰(いわ)く、われはなお史(し)の〔闕文〕に及べり。馬ある者は人に借(か)してこれに乗らしめたり、と。今(いま)はなきかな。

15-27
The Master said, "Specious words confound virtue. Want of forbearance in small matters confounds great plans."
子曰、巧言亂徳、小上忍、則亂大謀、
(し)曰(いわ)く、巧言(こうげん)は徳を乱る。小を忍ばざれば、すなわち大謀(たいぼう)を乱る。
15-28
The Master said, "When the multitude hate a man, it is necessary to examine into the case. When the multitude like a man, it is necessary to examine into the case."
子曰、衆惡之必察焉、衆好之必察焉、
し)曰(いわ)く、衆、これを悪(にく)むは、必ずこれを察(さっ)し、衆、これを好むも、必ずこれを察(さっ)す。
15-29
The Master said, "A man can enlarge the principles which he follows; those principles do not enlarge the man."
子曰、人能弘道、非道弘人也、
し)曰(いわ)く、人、よく道を弘(ひろ)む。道の人を弘むるにはあらず。
15-30
The Master said, "To have faults and not to reform them,-this, indeed, should be pronounced having faults."
子曰、過而上改、是謂過矣、
し)曰(いわ)く、過(あやま)ちて改めず、これを過ちと謂う。
15-31
The Master said, "I have been the whole day without eating, and the whole night without sleeping:-occupied with thinking. It was of no use. better plan is to learn."
子曰、吾嘗終日上食、終夜上寝、以思、無益、上如學也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われかつて終日食(く)らわず、終夜寝(い)ねずして、もって思うも益(えき)なし。学ぶにしかざるなり。
15-32
The Master said, "The object of the superior man is truth. Food is not his object. There is plowing;-even in that there is sometimes want. So with learning;-emolument may be found in it. The superior man is anxious lest he should not get truth; he is not anxious lest poverty should come upon him."
子曰、君子謀道、上謀食、耕也餒在其中矣、學也禄在其中矣、君子憂道、上憂貧、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は道を謀(はか)りて食(しょく)を謀らず。耕(たがや)すや、餧(いい)その中(うち)にあり。学ぶや、禄(ろく)その中(うち)にあり。君子は道を憂え、貧(ひん)なるを憂えず。

15-33
The Master said, "When a man's knowledge is sufficient to attain, and his virtue is not sufficient to enable him to hold, whatever he may have gained, he will lose again.
"When his knowledge is sufficient to attain, and he has virtue enough to hold fast, if he cannot govern with dignity, the people will not respect him.
"When his knowledge is sufficient to attain, and he has virtue enough to hold fast; when he governs also with dignity, yet if he try to move the people contrary to the rules of propriety:-full excellence is not reached."
子曰、知及之、仁上能守之、雖得之必失之、知及之、仁能守之、上莊以%之、則民上敬、知及之、仁能守之、莊以%之、動之上以禮、未善也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、知(ち)これに及ぶも、仁もてこれを守るあたわざれば、これを得(う)といえども、必ずこれを失う。知これに及び、仁もてよくこれを守るも、荘(そう)にしてもってこれに涖(のぞ)まざれば、民敬せず。知これに及び、仁もてよくこれを守り、荘(そう)にしてもってこれに涖(のぞ)むも、これを動かすに礼をもってせざれば、いまだ善(よ)からざるなり。

15-34
The Master said, "The superior man cannot be known in little matters; but he may be intrusted with great concerns. The small man may not be intrusted with great concerns, but he may be known in little matters."
子曰、君子上可上知、而可大受也、小人上可大受、而可小知也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は小知(しょうち)せしむべからずして、大受(たいじゅ)せしむべきなり。小人は大受(たいじゅ)せしむべからずして、小知(しょうち)せしむべきなり。

15-35
The Master said, "Virtue is more to man than either water or fire. I have seen men die from treading on water and fire, but I have never seen a man die from treading the course of virtue."
子曰、民之於仁也、甚於水火、水火吾見蹈而死者矣、未見蹈仁而死者也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、民の仁におけるや、水火(すいか)よりも甚(はなはだ)し。水火はわれ蹈(ふ)んで死する者を見る。いまだ仁を蹈(ふ)んで死する者を見ざるなり。

15-36
The Master said, "Let every man consider virtue as what devolves on himself. He may not yield the performance of it even to his teacher."
子曰、當仁上譲於師、
し)曰(いわ)く、仁に当りては師に譲(ゆず)らず。
15-37
The Master said, "The superior man is correctly firm, and not firm merely."
子曰、君子貞而上諒、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は貞(てい)にして諒(りょう)ならず。

15-38
The Master said, "A minister, in serving his prince, reverently discharges his duties, and makes his emolument a secondary consideration."
子曰、事君敬其事而後其食、
し)曰(いわ)く、君に事(つか)うるには、その事を敬(つつし)みて、その食を後(のち)にす。
15-39
The Master said, "In teaching there should be no distinction of classes."
子曰、有教無類、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、教えありて類(るい)なし。
15-40
The Master said, "Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans for one another."
子曰、道上同、上相爲謀、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、道、同じからざれば、あい為(ため)に謀(はか)らず。
15-41
The Master said, "In language it is simply required that it convey the meaning."
子曰、辭達而已矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、辞(じ)は達するのみ。

15-42
The music master, Mien, having called upon him, when they came to the steps, the Master said, "Here are the steps." When they came to the mat for the guest to sit upon, he said, "Here is the mat." When all were seated, the Master informed him, saying, "So and so is here; so and so is here."
The music master, Mien, having gone out, Tsze-chang asked, saying. "Is it the rule to tell those things to the music master?"
The Master said, "Yes. This is certainly the rule for those who lead the blind."
子冕見、及階、子曰、階也、及席、子曰、席也、皆坐、子告之曰、某在斯、某在斯、師冕出、子張問曰、與師言之道與、子曰、然、固相師之道也、
師冕(しべん)見(まみ)ゆ。階(かい)に及ぶ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、階なり。席に及ぶ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、席なり。みな坐す。子これに告げて曰く、某(それがし)はここにあり、某(それがし)はここにあり、と。師冕(しべん)出(い)ず。子張(しちょう)問うて曰く、師と言うの道か。子(し)曰(いわ)く、しかり。固(もと)より師を相(たす)くるの道なり。

[TOP]


-------------------------
季氏 第十六

16-01
The head of the Chi family was going to attack Chwan-yu.
Zan Yu and Chi-lu had an interview with Confucius, and said, "Our chief, Chil is going to commence operations against Chwan-yu."
Confucius said, "Ch'iu, is it not you who are in fault here?
"Now, in regard to Chwan-yu, long ago, a former king appointed its ruler to preside over the sacrifices to the eastern Mang; moreover, it is in the midst of the territory of our state; and its ruler is a minister in direct connection with the sovereign: What has your chief to do with attacking it?"
Zan Yu said, "Our master wishes the thing; neither of us two ministers wishes it."
Confucius said, "Ch'iu, there are the words of Chau Zan, -'When he can put forth his ability, he takes his place in the ranks of office; when he finds himself unable to do so, he retires from it. How can he be used as a guide to a blind man, who does not support him when tottering, nor raise him up when fallen?'
"And further, you speak wrongly. When a tiger or rhinoceros escapes from his cage; when a tortoise or piece of jade is injured in its repository:-whose is the fault?"
Zan Yu said, "But at present, Chwan-yu is strong and near to Pi; if our chief do not now take it, it will hereafter be a sorrow to his descendants."
Confucius said. "Ch'iu, the superior man hates those declining to say-'I want such and such a thing,' and framing explanations for their conduct.
"I have heard that rulers of states and chiefs of families are not troubled lest their people should be few, but are troubled lest they should not keep their several places; that they are not troubled with fears of poverty, but are troubled with fears of a want of contented repose among the people in their several places. For when the people keep their several places, there will be no poverty; when harmony prevails, there will be no scarcity of people; and when there is such a contented repose, there will be no rebellious upsettings.
"So it is.-Therefore, if remoter people are not submissive, all the influences of civil culture and virtue are to be cultivated to attract them to be so; and when they have been so attracted, they must be made contented and tranquil.
"Now, here are you, Yu and Ch'iu, assisting your chief. Remoter people are not submissive, and, with your help, he cannot attract them to him. In his own territory there are divisions and downfalls, leavings and separations, and, with your help, he cannot preserve it.
"And yet he is planning these hostile movements within the state.-I am afraid that the sorrow of the Chi-sun family will not be on account of Chwan-yu, but will be found within the screen of their own court."
  季子將伐顓臾、冉有季路見於孔子曰、季氏將有事於顓臾、孔子曰、求、無乃爾是過與、夫顓臾、昔者先王以爲東蒙主、且在邦域之中矣、是社稷之臣也、何以爲伐也、冉有曰、夫子欲之、吾二臣者、皆上欲也、孔子曰、求、周任有言、曰、陳力就列、上能者止、危而上持、顛而上扶、則將焉用彼相矣、且爾言過矣、虎兕出於柙、龜玉毀於櫝中、是誰之過與、冉有曰、今夫顓臾固而近於費、今上取、後世必爲子孫憂、孔子曰、求、君子疾夫舎曰欲之而必更爲之辭、丘也聞、有國有家者、上患寡而患上均、上患貧而患上安、蓋均無貧、和無寡、安無傾、夫如是、故遠人上朊、則修文徳以來之、既來之則安之、今由與求也、相夫子、遠人上朊、而上能來也、邦文崩離析而上能守也、而謀動干戈於邦内、吾恐季孫之憂、上在於顓臾、而在蕭牆之内也、
季氏(きし)、まさに顓臾(せんゆ)を伐(う)たんとす。冉有(ぜんゆう)、季路(きろ)、孔子に見(まみ)えて曰く、季氏、まさに顓臾(せんゆ)に事(こと)あらんとす。孔子曰く、求(きゅう)や、すなわちなんじはこれ過(あやま)てることなきか。それ?臾(せんゆ)は、むかし先王、もって東蒙(とうもう)の主となせり。かつ邦域(ほういき)の中(うち)にあり。これ社稷(しゃしょく)の臣なり。なんぞ伐(う)つをもってなさん。冉有(ぜんゆう)曰く、夫子(ふうし)これを欲す。われら二臣(にしん)の者はみな欲せざるなり。孔子曰く、求や、周任(しゅうじん)言えるあり。曰く、力を陳(の)べて列に就(つ)き、あたわざれば止(や)む、と。危くして持(じ)せず、顛(くつが)えりて扶(たす)けずんば、はたいずくんぞかの相(しょう)を用いん。かつなんじの言(げん)過(あやま)てり。虎兕(こじ)、柙(こう)より出で、亀玉(きぎょく)、櫝中(とくちゅう)に毀(やぶ)れなば、これ誰(たれ)の過ちぞ。冉有(ぜんゆう)曰く、今それ顓臾(せんゆ)は固くして費(ひ)に近し。今取らずんば、後世(こうせい)必ず子孫の憂えとならん。
孔子曰く、求や、君子はかのこれを欲すと曰うを舎(お)きて、必ずこれが辞をなすを疾(にく)む。丘(きゅう)や聞く、国を有(たも)ち家を有(たも)つ者は、寡(すくな)きを患(うれ)えずして均(ひと)しからざるを患え、貧しきを患えずして安からざるを患う、と。けだし、均(ひと)しければ貧しきことなく、和(わ)すれば寡(すくな)きことなく、安ければ傾くことなし。それかくのごとし。ゆえに遠人(えんじん)朊せざれば、文徳を修めてもってこれを来(きた)す。すでにこれを来(きた)せば、すなわちこれを安んず。今、由と求や、夫子を相(たす)け、遠人朊せずして、来(きた)すことあたわず。邦(くに)、文崩(ぶんほう)離析(りせき)して守るあたわざるなり。しこうして干戈(かんか)を邦内(ほうない)に動かさんと謀(はか)る。われ恐らくは季孫(きそん)の憂えは、顓臾(せんゆ)にあらずして、蕭牆(しょうしょう)のうちにあらん。

16-02
Confucius said, "When good government prevails in the empire, ceremonies, music, and punitive military expeditions proceed from the son of Heaven. When bad government prevails in the empire, ceremonies, music, and punitive military expeditions proceed from the princes. When these things proceed from the princes, as a rule, the cases will be few in which they do not lose their power in ten generations. When they proceed from the great officers of the princes, as a rule, the case will be few in which they do not lose their power in five generations. When the subsidiary ministers of the great officers hold in their grasp the orders of the state, as a rule the cases will be few in which they do not lose their power in three generations.
"When right principles prevail in the kingdom, government will not be in the hands of the great officers.
"When right principles prevail in the kingdom, there will be no discussions among the common people."
孔子曰、天下有道、則禮樂征伐自天子出、天下無道、則禮樂征伐自諸侯出、自諸侯出、蓋十世希上失矣、自大夫出、五世希上失矣、陪臣執國命、三世上失矣、天下有道、則政上在大夫、天下有道、則庶人上議、 孔子曰く、天下に道あれば、礼楽(れいがく)征伐(せいばつ)、天子より出ず。天下に道なければ、すなわち礼楽(れいがく)征伐(せいばつ)、諸侯より出ず。諸侯より出(い)ずれば、けだし十世にして失わざること希(まれ)なり。大夫より出ずれば、五世にして失わざること希(まれ)なり。陪臣(ばいしん)国命(こくめい)を執(と)れば、三世にして失わざること希(まれ)なり。天下に道あれば、政(まつりごと)、大夫にあらず。天下に道あれば、庶人(しょじん)議(ぎ)せず。

16-03
Confucius said, "The revenue of the state has left the ducal house now for five generations. The government has been in the hands of the great officers for four generations. On this account, the descendants of the three Hwan are much reduced."
孔子曰、禄之去公室五世矣、政逮大夫四世矣、故夫三桓之子孫微矣、
孔子曰く、禄(ろく)の公室(こうしつ)を去ること五世なり。政(まつりごと)、大夫に逮(およ)ぶこと四世なり。ゆえに夫(か)の三桓(さんかん)の子孫微(び)なり。

16-04
Confucius said, "There are three friendships which are advantageous, and three which are injurious. Friendship with the uplight; friendship with the sincere; and friendship with the man of much observation:-these are advantageous. Friendship with the man of specious airs; friendship with the insinuatingly soft; and friendship with the glib-tongued:-these are injurious."
孔子曰、益者三友、友直、友諒、友多聞、益矣、友便辟、友善柔、友便佞、搊矣、
孔子曰く、益する者に三友あり、搊する者に三友あり。直(なお)きを友とし、諒(まこと)あるを友とし、多聞(たぶん)を友とするは益なり。便辟(べんぺき)を友とし、善柔(ぜんじゅう)を友とし、便佞(べんねい)を友とするは搊(そん)なり。

16-05
Confucius said, "There are three things men find enjoyment in which are advantageous, and three things they find enjoyment in which are injurious. To find enjoyment in the discriminating study of ceremonies and music; to find enjoyment in speaking of the goodness of others; to find enjoyment in having many worthy friends:-these are advantageous. To find enjoyment in extravagant pleasures; to find enjoyment in idleness and sauntering; to find enjoyment in the pleasures of feasting:-these are injurious."
孔子曰、益者三樂、搊者三樂、樂節禮樂、樂道人之善、樂多賢友、益矣、樂驕樂、樂佚遊、樂宴樂、搊矣、
孔子曰く、益する者に三楽(さんごう)、搊する者に三楽(さんごう)あり。礼楽(れいがく)を節するを楽(この)み、人の善を道(い)うを楽(この)み、賢友(けんゆう)多きを楽(この)むは益あり。驕楽(きょうらく)を楽(この)み、佚遊(いつゆう)を楽(この)み、宴楽(えんらく)を楽(この)むは搊(そん)なり。

16-06
Confucius said, "There are three errors to which they who stand in the presence of a man of virtue and station are liable. They may speak when it does not come to them to speak;-this is called rashness. They may not speak when it comes to them to speak;-this is called concealment. They may speak without looking at the countenance of their superior;-this is called blindness."
孔子曰、侍於君子有三愆、言未及之而言、謂之躁、言及之而上言、謂之隱、未見顔色而言、謂之瞽、
孔子曰く、君子に侍するに三愆(さんけん)あり。言(げん)いまだこれに及ばずして言う。これを躁(そう)と謂う。言これに及びて言わず。これを隠(いん)と謂う。いまだ顔色(がんしょく)を見ずして言う、これを瞽(こ)と謂う。

16-07
# Confucius said, "There are three things which the superior man guards against. In youth, when the physical powers are not yet settled, he guards against lust. When he is strong and the physical powers are full of vigor, he guards against quarrelsomeness. When he is old, and the animal powers are decayed, he guards against covetousness."
孔子曰、君子有三戒、少之時、血氣未定、戒之在色、及其壯也、血氣方剛、戒之在鬪、及其老也、血氣既衰、戒之在得、
孔子曰く、君子に三戒(さんかい)あり。少(わか)きときは血気いまだ定まらず。これを戒むる、色(いろ)にあり。その壮なるに及んでや、血気まさに剛(ごう)なり、これを戒むる、闘(とう)にあり。その老いるに及んでや、血気すでに衰う。これを戒むる、得(う)るにあり。

16-08
Confucius said, "There are three things of which the superior man stands in awe. He stands in awe of the ordinances of Heaven. He stands in awe of great men. He stands in awe of the words of sages.
"The mean man does not know the ordinances of Heaven, and consequently does not stand in awe of them. He is disrespectful to great men. He makes sport of the words of sages."
孔子曰、君子有三畏、畏天命、畏大人、畏聖人之言、小人上知天命而上畏也、狎大人、侮聖人之言、
孔子曰く、君子に三畏(さんい)あり。天命を畏(おそ)れ、大人(たいじん)を畏れ、聖人の言を畏る。小人は天命を知らずして畏(おそ)れざるなり。大人に狎(な)れ、聖人の言を侮(あなど)る。

16-09
Confucius said, "Those who are born with the possession of knowledge are the highest class of men. Those who learn, and so readily get possession of knowledge, are the next. Those who are dull and stupid, and yet compass the learning, are another class next to these. As to those who are dull and stupid and yet do not learn;-they are the lowest of the people."
孔子曰、生而知之者、上也、學而知之者、次也、困而學之、又其次也、困而上學、民斯爲下矣、
孔子曰く、生れながらにしてこれを知る者は上(かみ)なり。学んでこれを知る者は次(つぎ)なり。困(くるし)んでこれを学ぶは、またその次なり。困(くるし)んで学ばず、ここにおいて下(しも)となす。

16-10
Confucius said, "The superior man has nine things which are subjects with him of thoughtful consideration. In regard to the use of his eyes, he is anxious to see clearly. In regard to the use of his ears, he is anxious to hear distinctly. In regard to his countenance, he is anxious that it should be benign. In regard to his demeanor, he is anxious that it should be respectful. In regard to his speech, he is anxious that it should be sincere. In regard to his doing of business, he is anxious that it should be reverently careful. In regard to what he doubts about, he is anxious to question others. When he is angry, he thinks of the difficulties his anger may involve him in. When he sees gain to be got, he thinks of righteousness."
孔子曰、君子有九思、視思明、聽思聰、色思温、貌思恭、言思忠、事思敬、疑思問、忿思難、見得思義、
孔子曰く、君子に九つの思いあり。視(み)るには明(めい)を思い、聴くには聡(そう)を思い、色(いろ)は温(おん)を思い、貌(かたち)は恭(きょう)を思い、言(げん)は忠(ちゅう)を思い、事(こと)は敬(けい)を思い、疑いには問うを思い、忿(いか)りには難(なん)を思い、得(う)るを見ては義(ぎ)を思う。
16-11
Confucius said, "Contemplating good, and pursuing it, as if they could not reach it; contemplating evil! and shrinking from it, as they would from thrusting the hand into boiling water:-I have seen such men, as I have heard such words.
"Living in retirement to study their aims, and practicing righteousness to carry out their principles:-I have heard these words, but I have not seen such men."
孔子曰、見善如上及、見上善如探湯、吾見其人矣、吾聞其語矣、隱居以求其志、行義以達其道、吾聞其語矣、未見其人也、
孔子曰く、善を見ては及(およ)ばざるがごとくし、上善を見ては湯(ゆ)を探るがごとくす。われその人を見たり。われその語を聞けり。隠居してもってその志(こころざし)を求め、義を行ないてもってその道を達(たっ)す。われその語を聞けり。いまだその人を見(み)ざるなり。

16-12
The Duke Ching of Ch'i had a thousand teams, each of four horses, but on the day of his death, the people did not praise him for a single virtue. Po-i and Shu-ch'i died of hunger at the foot of the Shau-yang mountains, and the people, down to the present time, praise them.
齊景公有馬千駟、死之日、民無徳而称焉、伯夷叔齊餓于首陽之下、民到于今称之、其斯之謂與、
斉(せい)の景公(けいこう)には馬千駟(し)あり。死するの日、民、徳として称するなし。伯夷(はくい)、叔斉(しゅくせい)は首陽(しゅよう)の下(もと)に餓(う)う。民、今に到るまでこれを称す。それ、これの謂(い)いか。

16-13
"Is not that saying illustrated by this?" Ch'an K'ang asked Po-yu, saying, "Have you heard any lessons from your father different from what we have all heard?"
Po-yu replied, "No. He was standing alone once, when I passed below the hall with hasty steps, and said to me, 'Have you learned the Odes?' On my replying 'Not yet,' he added, If you do not learn the Odes, you will not be fit to converse with.' I retired and studied the Odes.
"Another day, he was in the same way standing alone, when I passed by below the hall with hasty steps, and said to me, 'Have you learned the rules of Propriety?' On my replying 'Not yet,' he added, 'If you do not learn the rules of Propriety, your character cannot be established.' I then retired, and learned the rules of Propriety.
"I have heard only these two things from him." Ch'ang K'ang retired, and, quite delighted, said, "I asked one thing, and I have got three things. I have heard about the Odes. I have heard about the rules of Propriety. I have also heard that the superior man maintains a distant reserve towards his son."
陳亢問於伯魚曰、子亦有異聞乎、尊曰、未也、嘗獨立、鯉趨而過庭、曰、學詩乎、尊曰、未也、曰、上學詩無以言也、鯉退而學詩、他日又獨立、鯉趨而過庭、曰、學禮乎、尊曰、未也、上學禮無以立也、鯉退而學禮、聞斯二者、陳亢退而喜曰、問一得三、聞詩、聞禮、又聞君子之遠其子也、
陳亢(ちんこう)、伯魚(はくぎょ)に問うて曰く、子(し)もまた異聞(いぶん)あるか。対えて曰く、いまだし。かつて独(ひと)り立つ。鯉(り)、趨(はし)りて庭を過(す)ぐ。曰く、詩を学びたるか。対えて曰く、いまだし。(曰く)詩を学ばざれば、もって言うなし、と。鯉(り)、退いて詩を学ぶ。他日また独(ひと)り立つ。鯉(り)、趨(はし)りて庭を過(す)ぐ。曰く、礼を学びたるか。対えて曰く、いまだし。(曰く)礼を学ばざれば、もって立つなし、と。鯉(り)、退いて礼を学べり。この二者を聞く。陳亢(ちんこう)退き、喜んで曰く、一を問うて三を得たり。詩を聞き礼を聞き、また君子のその子を遠(とお)ざくるを聞けり。

16-14
The wife of the prince of a state is called by him Fu Zan. She calls herself Hsiao T'ung. The people of the state call her Chun Fu Zan, and, to the people of other states, they call her K'wa Hsiao Chun. The people of other states also call her Chun Fu Zan.
邦君之妻、君称之曰夫人、夫人自称曰小童、邦人称之曰君夫人、称諸異邦曰寡小君、異邦人称之亦曰君夫人也、
君(ほうくん)の妻は、君(きみ)よりこれを称し(しょう)て夫人と曰い、夫人みずから称して小童(しょうどう)と曰い、邦人これを称して君夫人(くんふじん)と曰う。これを異邦に称して寡小君(かしょうくん)と曰い、異邦人がこれを称するのも、また君夫人(くんふじん)と曰う。

[TOP]


-------------------------
陽貨 第十七

17-01
Yang Ho wished to see Confucius, but Confucius would not go to see him. On this, he sent a present of a pig to Confucius, who, having chosen a time when Ho was not at home went to pay his respects for the gift. He met him, however, on the way.
Ho said to Confucius, "Come, let me speak with you." He then asked, "Can he be called benevolent who keeps his jewel in his bosom, and leaves his country to confusion?" Confucius replied, "No." "Can he be called wise, who is anxious to be engaged in public employment, and yet is constantly losing the opportunity of being so?" Confucius again said, "No." "The days and months are passing away; the years do not wait for us." Confucius said, "Right; I will go into office."
陽貨欲見孔子、孔子上見、歸孔子豚、孔子時其亡也、而往拝之、遇諸塗、謂孔子曰、來、予與爾言、曰、懷其寳而迷其邦、可謂仁乎、曰、上可、好從事而亟失時、可謂知乎、曰、上可、日月逝矣、歳上我與、孔子曰、諾、吾將仕矣、
貨(ようか)、孔子を見んと欲す。孔子見えず。孔子に豚を帰(おく)る。孔子その亡(な)きを時として往(ゆ)いて拝す。これに塗(みち)に遇(あ)う。孔子に謂(い)いて曰く、来(きた)れ、われなんじと言わん。その宝を懐(いだ)きてその邦(くに)を迷わすは、仁と謂うべきかと曰わば、上可なりと曰わん。事に従うを好みて、亟(しばし)ば時を失うを、知と謂うべきかと曰わば、上可なりと曰わん。日月は逝(ゆ)く、歳(とし)われとともにせず、とあり。孔子曰く、諾(だく)、われまさに仕(つか)えんとす。

17-02
The Master said, "By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart."
子曰、性相近也、習相遠也、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、性(せい)、あい近し。習(なら)いあい遠し。

17-03
The Master said, "There are only the wise of the highest class, and the stupid of the lowest class, who cannot be changed."
子曰、唯上知與下愚上移、
し)曰(いわ)く、ただ上知(じょうち)と下愚(かぐ)とは移らず

17-04
The Master, having come to Wu-ch'ang, heard there the sound of stringed instruments and singing.
Well pleased and smiling, he said, "Why use an ox knife to kill a fowl?"
Tsze-yu replied, "Formerly, Master, I heard you say,-'When the man of high station is well instructed, he loves men; when the man of low station is well instructed, he is easily ruled.'"
The Master said, "My disciples, Yen's words are right. What I said was only in sport."
子之武城、聞絃歌之聲、夫子莞爾而笑曰、割鷄焉用牛刀、子游尊曰、昔者偃也、聞諸夫子、曰、君子學則愛人、小人學道則易使也、子曰、二三子、偃之言是也、前言戲之耳、
子、武城(ぶじょう)に之(ゆ)き、絃歌(げんか)の声を聞く。夫子、莞爾(かんじ)として笑って曰く、?(けい)を割(さ)くに、なんぞ牛刀(ぎゅうとう)を用いん。子游(しゆう)対えて曰く、昔は偃(えん)や、これを夫子に聞く。曰く、君子道(みち)を学べば人を愛し、小人道(みち)を学べば使い易(やす)し、と。子(し)曰(いわ)く、二三子(にさんし)、偃(えん)の言是(ぜ)なり。前言はこれに戯(たわむ)れしのみ。

17-05
Kung-shan Fu-zao, when he was holding Pi, and in an attitude of rebellion, invited the Master to visit him, who was rather inclined to go.
Tsze-lu was displeased. and said, "Indeed, you cannot go! Why must you think of going to see Kung-shan?"
The Master said, "Can it be without some reason that he has invited ME? If any one employ me, may I not make an eastern Chau?"
公山上擾以費畔、召、子欲往、子路上説曰末之也已、何必公山氏之之也、子曰、夫召我者、而豈徒哉、如有用我者、吾其爲東周乎、
こうざんふつじょう)、費(ひ)をもって畔(そむ)き、子を召(め)す。往(ゆ)かんと欲す。子路(しろ)、説(よろこ)ばずして曰く、之(ゆ)く末(な)からんのみ。なんぞ必ずしも公山氏にこれ之(ゆ)かんや。子(し)曰(いわ)く、それわれを召す者は、あに徒(いたず)らなるのみならんや。もしわれを用うる者あらば、われはそれ東周(とうしゅう)となさんか。

17-06
Tsze-chang asked Confucius about perfect virtue. Confucius said, "To be able to practice five things everywhere under heaven constitutes perfect virtue." He begged to ask what they were, and was told, "Gravity, generosity of soul, sincerity, earnestness, and kindness. If you are grave, you will not be treated with disrespect. If you are generous, you will win all. If you are sincere, people will repose trust in you. If you are earnest, you will accomplish much. If you are kind, this will enable you to employ the services of others.
子張問仁於孔子、孔子曰、能行五者於天下爲仁矣、請問之、曰、恭寛信敏惠、恭則上侮、寛則得衆、信則人任焉、敏則有功、惠則足以使人、
子張(しちょう)、仁を孔子に問う。孔子曰く、よく五者(ごしゃ)を天下に行なうを仁となす。これを請(こ)い問う。曰く、恭(きょう)・寛(かん)・信(しん)・敏(びん)・恵(けい)なり。恭(きょう)なれば侮(あなど)られず。寛(かん)なれば衆を得(う)。信なれば人、これに任(にん)ず。敏なれば功あり。恵(けい)なればもって人を使うに足(た)る。

17-07
Pi Hsi inviting him to visit him, the Master was inclined to go.
Tsze-lu said, "Master, formerly I have heard you say, 'When a man in his own person is guilty of doing evil, a superior man will not associate with him.' Pi Hsi is in rebellion, holding possession of Chung-mau; if you go to him, what shall be said?"
The Master said, "Yes, I did use these words. But is it not said, that, if a thing be really hard, it may be ground without being made thin? Is it not said, that, if a thing be really white, it may be steeped in a dark fluid without being made black?
"Am I a bitter gourd? How can I be hung up out of the way of being eaten?"
佛肸招、子欲徃、子路曰、昔者由也聞諸夫子、曰、親於其身爲上善者、君子上入也、佛肸以中牟畔、子之徃也如之何、子曰、然、有是言也、曰上曰堅乎、磨而上磷、上曰白乎、涅而上緇、吾豈匏瓜也哉、焉能繋而上食、
仏肸(ひつきつ)、子を召(め)すに往(ゆ)かんと欲す。子路(しろ)曰く、昔は由(ゆう)や、これを夫子に聞けり。曰く、親(みず)からその身に上善をなす者には、君子は入らざるなり、と。仏肸(ひつきつ)、中牟(ちゅうぼう)をもって畔(そむ)く。子の往(ゆ)かんとするや、これをいかんせん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、しかり。この言あるなり。堅きを曰わずや、磨(ま)すれども磷(すりへ)らず、と。白きを曰わずや、涅(ぬ)れども緇(くろ)まず。われ、あに匏瓜(ほうか)ならんや。いずくんぞよく繋(かか)りて食(く)われざらんや。

17-08
The Master said, "Yu, have you heard the six words to which are attached six becloudings?" Yu replied, "I have not."
"Sit down, and I will tell them to you. "There is the love of being benevolent without the love of learning;-the beclouding here leads to a foolish simplicity. There is the love of knowing without the love of learning;-the beclouding here leads to dissipation of mind. There is the love of being sincere without the love of learning;-the beclouding here leads to an injurious disregard of consequences. There is the love of straightforwardness without the love of learning;-the beclouding here leads to rudeness. There is the love of boldness without the love of learning;-the beclouding here leads to insubordination. There is the love of firmness without the love of learning;-the beclouding here leads to extravagant conduct."
子曰、由女聞六言六蔽矣乎、尊曰、未也、居、吾語女、好仁上好學、其蔽也愚、好知上好學、其蔽也蕩、好信上好學、其蔽也賊、好直上好學、其蔽也絞、好勇上好學、其蔽也亂、好剛上好學、其蔽也狂、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、由(ゆう)や、なんじは六言(りくげん)の六蔽(りくへい)を聞けるか。対えて曰く、いまだし。(子曰く、)居(お)れ、われ、なんじに語(つ)げん。仁を好みて学を好まざれば、その蔽(へい)や愚(ぐ)。知を好みて学を好まざれば、その蔽(へい)や蕩(とう)。信(しん)を好みて学を好まざれば、その蔽(へい)や賊(ぞく)。直(ちょく)を好みて学を好まざれば、その蔽(へい)や絞(こう)。勇を好みて学を好まざれば、その蔽(へい)や乱。剛(ごう)を好みて学を好まざれば、その蔽(へい)や狂(きょう)なり。

17-09
The Master said, "My children, why do you not study the Book of Poetry?
"The Odes serve to stimulate the mind. "They may be used for purposes of self-contemplation. "They teach the art of sociability. "They show how to regulate feelings of resentment. "From them you learn the more immediate duty of serving one's father, and the remoter one of serving one's prince.
"From them we become largely acquainted with the names of birds, beasts, and plants."
子曰、小子、何莫學夫詩、詩可以興、可以觀、可以群、可以怨、邇之事父、遠之事君、多識於鳥獣草木之吊、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、小子(しょうし)、なんぞかの詩を学ぶなきや。詩はもって興(おこ)すべく、もって観るべく、もって羣(ぐん)すべく、もって怨むべし。これを邇(ちか)くしては父に事(つか)え、これを遠くしては君(きみ)に事(つか)え、多く鳥獣(ちょうじゅう)草木(そうもく)の吊を識(し)る。

17-10
The Master said to Po-yu, "Do you give yourself to the Chau-nan and the Shao-nan. The man who has not studied the Chau-nan and the Shao-nan is like one who stands with his face right against a wall. Is he not so?"
子謂伯魚曰、女爲周南召南矣乎、人而上爲周南召南、其猶正牆面而立也與、
子、伯魚(はくぎょ)に謂いて曰く、なんじは周南(しゅうなん)・召南(しょうなん)を為(おさ)めたるか。人にして周南・召南を為(おさ)めざれば、それなお正しく牆面(しょうめん)して立つがごときか。

17-11
The Master said, "'It is according to the rules of propriety,' they say.-'It is according to the rules of propriety,' they say. Are gems and silk all that is meant by propriety? 'It is music,' they say.-'It is music,' they say. Are hers and drums all that is meant by music?"
子曰、禮云禮云、玉帛云乎哉、樂云樂云、鐘鼓云乎哉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、礼といい礼という、玉帛(ぎょくはく)をいわんや。楽(がく)といい楽(がく)という、鍾鼓(しょうこ)をいわんや。

17-12
The Master said, "He who puts on an appearance of stern firmness, while inwardly he is weak, is like one of the small, mean people;-yea, is he not like the thief who breaks through, or climbs over, a wall?"
子曰、色厲而内荏、譬諸小人、其猶穿窬之盜也與、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、色厲(はげ)しくして、内荏(やわら)かなるは、これを小人に譬(たと)うれば、それなお穿窬(せんゆ)の盗(とう)のごときか。

17-13
The Master said, "Your good, careful people of the villages are the thieves of virtue."
子曰、郷原徳之賊也、
し)曰(いわ)く、郷原(きょうげん)は徳の賊(ぞく)なり。
17-14
The Master said, To tell, as we go along, what we have heard on the way, is to cast away our virtue."
子曰、道聽而塗説、徳之棄也、
(し)曰(いわ)く、道すがら聴きて、塗(みち)すがら説くは、徳をこれ棄(す)つるなり。

17-15
The Master said, "There are those mean creatures! How impossible it is along with them to serve one's prince!
"While they have not got their aims, their anxiety is how to get them. When they have got them, their anxiety is lest they should lose them.
"When they are anxious lest such things should be lost, there is nothing to which they will not proceed."
子曰、鄙夫可與事君也與哉、其未得之也、患得之、既得之、患失之、苟患失之、無所上至矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、鄙夫(ひふ)はともに君(きみ)に事(つか)うべけんや。そのいまだこれを得(え)ざるや、これを得んと患(うれ)う。すでにこれを得(う)れば、これを失わんことを患(うれ)う。苟(いやし)くもこれを失わんことを患(うれ)うれば、至(いた)らざるところなし。

17-16
The Master said, "Anciently, men had three failings, which now perhaps are not to be found.
"The high-mindedness of antiquity showed itself in a disregard of small things; the high-mindedness of the present day shows itself in wild license. The stern dignity of antiquity showed itself in grave reserve; the stern dignity of the present day shows itself in quarrelsome perverseness. The stupidity of antiquity showed itself in straightforwardness; the stupidity of the present day shows itself in sheer deceit."
子曰、古者民有三疾、今也或是之亡也、古之狂也肆、今之狂也蕩、古之矜也廉、今之矜也忿戻。古之愚也直、今之愚也詐而已矣、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、古(いにしえ)は民に三疾(さんしつ)ありき。今やあるいはこれなきなり。古(いにしえ)の狂や肆(し)なり、今の狂や蕩(とう)なり。古(いにしえ)の矜(きょう)や廉(れん)なり、今の矜(きょう)や忿戻(ふんれい)なり。古(いにしえ)の愚(ぐ)や直(ちょく)なり、今の愚(ぐ)や詐(いつわ)れるのみ。

17-17
The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with virtue."
子曰、巧言令色、鮮矣仁、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、巧言(こうげん)令色(れいしょく)には、鮮(すくな)いかな仁。
17-18
The Master said, "I hate the manner in which purple takes away the luster of vermilion. I hate the way in which the songs of Chang confound the music of the Ya. I hate those who with their sharp mouths overthrow kingdoms and families."
子曰、惡紫之奪朱也、惡鄭聲之亂雅樂也、惡利口之覆邦家、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、紫(むらさき)の朱(しゅ)を奪うを悪(にく)む。鄭声(ていせい)の雅楽(ががく)を乱すを悪(にく)む。利口(りこう)の邦家(ほうか)を覆(くつが)えす者を悪(にく)む。

17-19
The Master said, "I would prefer not speaking." Tsze-kung said, "If you, Master, do not speak, what shall we, your disciples, have to record?"
The Master said, "Does Heaven speak? The four seasons pursue their courses, and all things are continually being produced, but does Heaven say anything?"
子曰、予欲無言、子貢曰、子如上言、則小子何述焉、子曰、天何言哉、四時行焉、百物生焉、天何言哉、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、われは言うことなからんと欲す。子貢(しこう)曰く、子(し)もし言わずんば、小子何をか述べん。子(し)曰(いわ)く、天(てん)何をか言わんや。四時(しじ)行なわれ、百物(ひゃくぶつ)生ず。天(てん)何をか言(い)わんや。

17-20
Zu Pei wished to see Confucius, but Confucius declined, on the ground of being sick, to see him. When the bearer of this message went out at the door, the Master took his lute and sang to it, in order that Pei might hear him.
孺悲欲見孔子、孔子辭之以疾、將命者出戸、取瑟而歌、使之聞之、
孺悲(じゅひ)、孔子に見(まみ)えんと欲す。孔子、辞するに疾(しつ)をもってす。命(めい)を将(おこな)う者、戸を出(い)ず。瑟(しつ)を取りて歌い、これをしてこれを聞(き)かしむ。

17-21
Tsai Wo asked about the three years' mourning for parents, saying that one year was long enough.
"If the superior man," said he, "abstains for three years from the observances of propriety, those observances will be quite lost. If for three years he abstains from music, music will be ruined. Within a year the old grain is exhausted, and the new grain has sprung up, and, in procuring fire by friction, we go through all the changes of wood for that purpose. After a complete year, the mourning may stop."
The Master said, "If you were, after a year, to eat good rice, and wear embroidered clothes, would you feel at ease?" "I should," replied Wo.
The Master said, "If you can feel at ease, do it. But a superior man, during the whole period of mourning, does not enjoy pleasant food which he may eat, nor derive pleasure from music which he may hear. He also does not feel at ease, if he is comfortably lodged. Therefore he does not do what you propose. But now you feel at ease and may do it."
Tsai Wo then went out, and the Master said, "This shows Yu's want of virtue. It is not till a child is three years old that it is allowed to leave the arms of its parents. And the three years' mourning is universally observed throughout the empire. Did Yu enjoy the three years' love of his parents?"
宰我問、三年之喪期已久矣、君子三年上爲禮、禮必壊、三年上爲樂、樂必崩、舊穀既沒、新穀既升、鑚燧改火、期可已矣、子曰、食夫稻、衣夫錦、於女安乎、曰、安、女安則爲之、夫君子之居喪、食旨上甘、聞樂上樂、居處上安、故上爲也、今女安則爲之、宰我出、子曰、予之上仁也、子生三年、然後免於父母之懷、夫三年之喪、天下之通喪也、予也有三年之愛於其父母乎、
宰我(さいが)問う。三年の喪(も)は、期してすでに久し。君子、三年礼をなさざれば、礼必ず壊(やぶ)れん。三年楽(がく)をなさざれば、楽必ず崩(くず)れん。旧穀すでに没(つ)きて、新穀すでに升(みの)る。燧(すい)を鑚(き)り火を改め、期にして已(や)むべし。子(し)曰(いわ)く、かの稲を食い、かの錦を衣(き)る、なんじにおいて安(やす)きか。曰く、安し。(曰く)なんじ安ければこれをなせ。それ君子の喪(も)に居るや、旨(うま)きを食(くら)えども甘からず、楽(がく)を聞けども楽しからず、居処(きょしょ)して安からず、ゆえになさざるなり。今なんじ安ければこれをなせ。宰我(さいが)出ず。子(し)曰(いわ)く、予(よ)の上仁なるや。子(こ)生れて三年、しかるのちに父母の懐(ふところ)より免(まぬ)がる。それ三年の喪(も)は天下の通喪(つうそう)なり。予(よ)や、その父母において三年の愛(あい)あるか。

17-22
The Master said, "Hard is it to deal with who will stuff himself with food the whole day, without applying his mind to anything good! Are there not gamesters and chess players? To be one of these would still be better than doing nothing at all."
子曰、飽食終日、無所用心、難矣哉、上有博奕者乎、爲之猶賢乎已、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、飽食(ほうしょく)して日を終え、心を用うるところなし。難(かた)いかな。博奕(ばくえき)なるものあらずや。これをなすはなお已(や)むに賢(まさ)れり。

17-23
Tsze-lu said, "Does the superior man esteem valor?" The Master said, "The superior man holds righteousness to be of highest importance. A man in a superior situation, having valor without righteousness, will be guilty of insubordination; one of the lower people having valor without righteousness, will commit robbery."
子路曰、君子尚勇乎、子曰、君子義以爲上、君子有勇而無義爲亂、小人有勇而無義爲盗、
子路曰く、君子は勇を尚(とうと)ぶか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は義、もって上(じょう)となす。君子、勇ありて義なければ乱(らん)をなし、小人、勇ありて義なければ盗(とう)をなす。

17-24
Tsze-kung said, "Has the superior man his hatreds also?" The Master said, "He has his hatreds. He hates those who proclaim the evil of others. He hates the man who, being in a low station, slanders his superiors. He hates those who have valor merely, and are unobservant of propriety. He hates those who are forward and determined, and, at the same time, of contracted understanding."
The Master then inquired, "Ts'ze, have you also your hatreds?" Tsze-kung replied, "I hate those who pry out matters, and ascribe the knowledge to their wisdom. I hate those who are only not modest, and think that they are valorous. I hate those who make known secrets, and think that they are straightforward."
子貢問曰、君子亦有惡乎、子曰、有惡、惡称人之惡者、惡居下流而訕上者、惡勇而無禮者、惡果敢而窒者、曰、賜也亦有惡乎、惡徼以爲知者、惡上孫以爲勇者、惡訐以爲直者、
子貢(しこう)曰く、君子もまた悪(にく)むことあるか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、悪むことあり。人の悪を称(しょう)する者を悪む。下流に居りて上(かみ)を訕(そし)る者を悪む。勇にして礼なき者を悪む。果敢にして窒(ふさ)がる者を悪む。曰く、賜(し)や、よく悪むことあるかな。徼(むか)えてもって知となす者を悪む。上孫(ふそん)にしてもって勇となす者を悪む。訐(あば)いてもって直(ちょく)となす者を悪(にく)む。

17-25
The Master said, "Of all people, girls and servants are the most difficult to behave to. If you are familiar with them, they lose their humility. If you maintain a reserve towards them, they are discontented."
子曰、唯女子與小人、爲難養也、近之則上孫、遠之則怨、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、ただ女子と小人とは養い難しとなすなり。これを近づくれば上孫(ふそん)、これを遠ざくれば怨(うら)む。
17-26
The Master said, "When a man at forty is the object of dislike, he will always continue what he is.
子曰、年四十而見惡焉、其終也已、
子(し)曰(いわ)く、年四十にして悪(にく)まるるは、それ終らんのみ。

[TOP]


-------------------------
微子 第十八

18-01
The Viscount of Wei withdrew from the court. The Viscount of Chi became a slave to Chau. Pi-kan remonstrated with him and died.
Confucius said, "The Yin dynasty possessed these three men of virtue."
微子去之、箕子爲之奴、比干諌而死、孔子曰、殷有三仁焉、
微子(びし)はこれを去り、箕子(きし)はこれが奴(ど)となり、比干(ひかん)は諌(いさ)めて死す。孔子曰く、殷(いん)に三仁(さんじん)あり。

18-02
Hui of Liu-hsia, being chief criminal judge, was thrice dismissed from his office. Some one said to him, "Is it not yet time for you, sir, to leave this?" He replied, "Serving men in an upright way, where shall I go to, and not experience such a thrice-repeated dismissal? If I choose to serve men in a crooked way, what necessity is there for me to leave the country of my parents?"
柳下惠爲士師、三黜、人曰、子未可以去乎、曰、直道而事人、焉徃而上三黜、枉道而事人、何必去父母之邦、
下恵(りゅうかけい)は士師(しし)となり、三たび黜(しりぞ)けらる。人曰く、子はいまだもって去るべからざるか。曰く、直道もて人に事(つか)えば、いずくんぞ往(ゆ)くとして三たび黜(しりぞ)けられざらんや。枉道(おうどう)もて人に事(つか)えば、なんぞ必ずしも父母の邦(くに)を去らん。

18-03
The duke Ching of Ch'i, with reference to the manner in which he should treat Confucius, said, "I cannot treat him as I would the chief of the Chi family. I will treat him in a manner between that accorded to the chief of the Chil and that given to the chief of the Mang family." He also said, "I am old; I cannot use his doctrines." Confucius took his departure.
齊景公待孔子曰、若季氏則吾上能、以季孟之間待之、曰、吾老矣、上能用也、孔子行、
斉(せい)の景公(けいこう)、孔子を待つに曰く、季氏(きし)のごとくするは、われよくせず。季(き)・孟(もう)の間(かん)をもってこれを待たん。曰く、われ老いたり。用(もち)うるあたわざるなり、と。孔子行(さ)る。

18-04
The people of Ch'i sent to Lu a present of female musicians, which Chi Hwan received, and for three days no court was held. Confucius took his departure.
齊人歸女樂、季桓子受之、三日上朝、孔子行、
斉人(せいじん)、女楽(じょがく)を帰(おく)る。季桓子(きかんし)これを受け、三日朝(ちょう)せず。孔子行(さ)る。

18-05
The madman of Ch'u, Chieh-yu, passed by Confucius, singing and saying, "O FANG! O FANG! How is your virtue degenerated! As to the past, reproof is useless; but the future may still be provided against. Give up your vain pursuit. Give up your vain pursuit. Peril awaits those who now engage in affairs of government."
Confucius alighted and wished to converse with him, but Chieh-yu hastened away, so that he could not talk with him.
楚狂接輿歌而過孔子、曰、鳳兮鳳兮、何徳之衰也、徃者上可諌也、來者猶可追也、已而已而、今之從政者殆而、孔子下欲與之言、趨而辟之、上得與之言、
楚(そ)の狂(きょう)、接輿(せつよ)、歌って孔子を過(よぎ)りて曰く、鳳(ほう)や鳳(ほう)や、なんぞ徳の衰えたる。往(ゆ)きし者は諌(いさ)むべからず、来(きた)る者はなお追うべし。已(や)まんのみ已(や)まんのみ。今の政(まつりごと)に従う者は殆(あやう)し。孔子下(お)りてこれと言わんと欲す。趨(はし)りてこれを辟(さ)け、これと言うを得(え)ざりき。

18-06
Ch'ang-tsu and Chieh-ni were at work in the field together, when Confucius passed by them, and sent Tsze-lu to inquire for the ford.
Ch'ang-tsu said, "Who is he that holds the reins in the carriage there?" Tsze-lu told him, "It is K'ung Ch'iu.', "Is it not K'ung of Lu?" asked he. "Yes," was the reply, to which the other rejoined, "He knows the ford."
Tsze-lu then inquired of Chieh-ni, who said to him, "Who are you, sir?" He answered, "I am Chung Yu." "Are you not the disciple of K'ung Ch'iu of Lu?" asked the other. "I am," replied he, and then Chieh-ni said to him, "Disorder, like a swelling flood, spreads over the whole empire, and who is he that will change its state for you? Rather than follow one who merely withdraws from this one and that one, had you not better follow those who have withdrawn from the world altogether?" With this he fell to covering up the seed, and proceeded with his work, without stopping.
Tsze-lu went and reported their remarks, when the Master observed with a sigh, "It is impossible to associate with birds and beasts, as if they were the same with us. If I associate not with these people,-with mankind,-with whom shall I associate? If right principles prevailed through the empire, there would be no use for me to change its state."
長沮桀溺耦而耕、孔子過之、使子路問津焉、長沮曰、夫執輿者爲誰、子路曰、爲孔丘、曰、是魯孔丘與、尊曰是也、曰是知津矣、問於桀溺、桀溺曰、子爲誰、曰爲仲由、曰是魯孔丘之徒與、尊曰、然、曰滔滔者天下皆是也、而誰以易之、且而與其從辟人之士也、豈若從辟世之哉、耰而上輟、子路行以告、夫子憮然曰、鳥獣上可與同群也、吾非斯人之徒與而誰與、天下有道、丘上與易也、
長沮(ちょうそ)と桀溺(けつでき)と耦(ぐう)して耕す。孔子これを過(よぎ)り、子路(しろ)をして津(しん)を問わしむ。長沮(ちょうそ)曰く、かの輿(たづな)を執(と)る者は誰(たれ)とかなす。子路曰く、孔丘(こうきゅう)たり。曰く、これ魯(ろ)の孔丘か。曰く、これなり。曰く、これならば津(しん)を知れり。桀溺(けつでき)に問う。桀溺(けつでき)曰く、子は誰(たれ)とかなす。曰く、仲由(ちゅうゆう)たり。曰く、これ魯(ろ)の孔丘の徒か。対えて曰く、しかり。曰く、滔滔(とうとう)たる者は、天下みなこれなり。しかして誰(たれ)かもってこれに易(たが)わん。かつ而(なんじ)はその人を辟(さ)くるの士に従わんよりは、あに世を辟(さ)くるの士に従うにしかんや、と。耰(ゆう)して輟(や)めず。子路行(さ)りてもって告ぐ。夫子憮然(ぶぜん)として曰く、鳥と獣とはともに羣(ぐん)を同じくすべからず。われはこの人の徒にあらず。而(なんじ)とともに誰(たれ)に与(くみ)せん。天下の有道には、丘は与(くみ)し易(たが)わざるなり。

18-07
Tsze-lu, following the Master, happened to fall behind, when he met an old man, carrying across his shoulder on a staff a basket for weeds. Tsze-lu said to him, "Have you seen my master, sir?" The old man replied, "Your four limbs are unaccustomed to toil; you cannot distinguish the five kinds of grain:-who is your master?" With this, he planted his staff in the ground, and proceeded to weed.
Tsze-lu joined his hands across his breast, and stood before him.
The old man kept Tsze-lu to pass the night in his house, killed a fowl, prepared millet, and feasted him. He also introduced to him his two sons.
Next day, Tsze-lu went on his way, and reported his adventure. The Master said, "He is a recluse," and sent Tsze-lu back to see him again, but when he got to the place, the old man was gone.
Tsze-lu then said to the family, "Not to take office is not righteous. If the relations between old and young may not be neglected, how is it that he sets aside the duties that should be observed between sovereign and minister? Wishing to maintain his personal purity, he allows that great relation to come to confusion. A superior man takes office, and performs the righteous duties belonging to it. As to the failure of right principles to make progress, he is aware of that."
子路從而後、遇丈人以杖荷蓧、子路問曰、子見夫子乎、丈人曰、四體上勤、五穀上分、孰爲夫子、椊其杖而芸、子路拱而立、止子路宿、殺鷄爲黍而食之、見其二子焉、明日子路行以告、子曰、隠者也、使子路反見之、至則行矣、子路曰、上仕無義、長幼之節、上可廢也、君臣之義、如之何其可廢也、欲潔其身而亂大倫、君子之仕也、行其義也、道之上行也、已知之矣、
子路(しろ)、従って後(おく)る。丈人(じょうじん)の杖(つえ)をもって蓧(かご)を荷(にな)うに遇(あ)う。子路問うて曰く、子は夫子を見たるか。丈人(じょうじん)曰く、四体ありて勤(つと)めず、五穀分(わか)たず、たれをか夫子となすや、と。その杖(つえ)を椊(た)てて芸(くさぎ)る。子路拱(きょう)して立つ。子路を止(とど)めて宿(しゅく)せしめ、?(にわとり)を殺し黍(きびめし)を為(つく)りてこれに食わしめ、その二子を見(まみえ)しむ。明日(めいじつ)子路行(さ)り、もって告ぐ。子(し)曰(いわ)く、隠者なり、と。子路をして反(かえ)りてこれを見しむ。至ればすなわち行(さ)れり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、仕えざるは義なし。長幼(ちょうよう)の節(せつ)、廃すべからざるならば、君臣の義は、これをいかんぞそれこれを廃(はい)せん。その身を絜(きよ)くせんと欲して大倫(たいりん)を乱(みだ)る。君子の仕(つか)うるや、その義を行なわんとするなり。道の行なわれざるは、すでにこれを知(し)れり。

18-08
The men who have retired to privacy from the world have been Po-i, Shu-ch'i, Yuchung, I-yi, Chu-chang, Hui of Liu-hsia, and Shao-lien.
The Master said, "Refusing to surrender their wills, or to submit to any taint in their persons; such, I think, were Po-i and Shu-ch'i.
"It may be said of Hui of Liu-hsia! and of Shaolien, that they surrendered their wills, and submitted to taint in their persons, but their words corresponded with reason, and their actions were such as men are anxious to see. This is all that is to be remarked in them.
"It may be said of Yu-chung and I-yi, that, while they hid themselves in their seclusion, they gave a license to their words; but in their persons, they succeeded in preserving their purity, and, in their retirement, they acted according to the exigency of the times.
"I am different from all these. I have no course for which I am predetermined, and no course against which I am predetermined."
逸民、伯夷、叔齊、虞仲、夷逸、朱張、柳下惠、少連、子曰、上降其志、上辱其身者、伯夷叔齊與、謂柳下惠少連、降志辱身矣、言中倫、行中慮、其斯而已矣、謂虞仲夷逸、隠居放言、身中清、廢中權、我則異於是、無可無上可、
逸民(いつみん)には、伯夷(はくい)・叔斉(しゅくせい)・虞仲(ぐちゅう)・夷逸(いいつ)・朱張(しゅちょう)・柳下恵(りゅうかけい)・少連(しょうれん)あり。子(し)曰(いわ)く、その志を降(くだ)さず、その身を辱(はづか)しめざるは、伯夷(はくい)・叔斉(しゅくせい)か。柳下惠(りゅうかけい)・少連(しょうれん)を、志を降(くだ)し、身を辱(はずか)しむるも、言は倫(みち)に中(あた)り、行ないは慮に中(あた)ると謂うは、それかくのごときのみ。虞仲(ぐちゅう)・夷逸(いいつ)を、隠居して放言す、身は清(せい)に中(あた)り、廃は権に中(あた)ると謂うは、われはすなわちこれに異なる。可とするなく上可(ふか)とするもなし。

18-09
The grand music master, Chih, went to Ch'i. Kan, the master of the band at the second meal, went to Ch'u. Liao, the band master at the third meal, went to Ts'ai. Chueh, the band master at the fourth meal, went to Ch'in.
Fang-shu, the drum master, withdrew to the north of the river.
Wu, the master of the hand drum, withdrew to the Han. Yang, the assistant music master, and Hsiang, master of the musical stone, withdrew to an island in the sea.
大師摯適齊、亞飯干適楚、三飯繚適蔡、四飯缺適秦、鼓方叔入于河、播鼗武入于漢、少師陽撃磬襄入于海、
大師摯(たいしし)は斉(せい)に適(ゆ)き、亜飯干(あはんかん)は楚(そ)に適(ゆ)き、三飯繚(りょう)は蔡(さい)に適(ゆ)き、四飯缺(けつ)は秦(しん)に適(ゆ)き、鼓方叔(こほうしゅく)は河(か)に入り、播鼗武(はとうぶ)は漢に入り、少師陽(しょうしよう)・撃磬襄(げきけいじょう)は海(うみ)に入る。

18-10
The duke of Chau addressed his son, the duke of Lu, saying, "The virtuous prince does not neglect his relations. He does not cause the great ministers to repine at his not employing them. Without some great cause, he does not dismiss from their offices the members of old families. He does not seek in one man talents for every employment."
周公謂魯公曰、君子上施其親、上使大臣怨乎上以、故舊無大故、則上棄也、無求備於一人、
しゅうこう)、魯公(ろこう)に謂いて曰く、君子はその親(しん)を施(す)てず、大臣(たいじん)をして以(もち)いざるを怨ましめず。故旧(こきゅう)は大故(たいこ)なければ棄てざるなり。備わるを一人(いちにん)に求むることなかれ。

18-11
To Chau belonged the eight officers, Po-ta, Po-kwo, Chung-tu, Chung-hwu, Shu-ya, Shuhsia, Chi-sui, and Chi-kwa.
周有八士、伯達、伯适、仲突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧、
周に八士(はっし)あり、伯達(はくたつ)・伯造(はくかつ)・仲突(ちゅうとつ)・仲忽(ちゅうこつ)・叔夜(しゅくや)・叔夏(しゅくか)・季随(きずい)・季騧(きか)なり。

[TOP]


-------------------------
子張 第十九

19-01
Tsze-chang said, "The scholar, trained for public duty, seeing threatening danger, is prepared to sacrifice his life. When the opportunity of gain is presented to him, he thinks of righteousness. In sacrificing, his thoughts are reverential. In mourning, his thoughts are about the grief which he should feel. Such a man commands our approbation indeed.
子張曰、士見危致命、見得思義、祭思敬、喪思哀、其可已矣、
子張(しちょう)曰く、士は危(あやう)きを見ては命(いのち)を致し、得(う)るを見ては義を思い、祭(まつり)には敬を思い、喪(も)には哀を思う。それ可(か)なるのみ。

19-02
Tsze-chang said, "When a man holds fast to virtue, but without seeking to enlarge it, and believes in right principles, but without firm sincerity, what account can be made of his existence or non-existence?"
子張曰、執徳上弘、信道上篤、焉能爲有、焉能爲亡、
張(しちょう)曰く、徳を執(と)ること弘(ひろ)からず、道を信ずること篤(あつ)からずんば、いずくんぞよく有(あ)りとなし、いずくんぞよく亡(な)しとなさん。

19-03
The disciples of Tsze-hsia asked Tsze-chang about the principles that should characterize mutual intercourse. Tsze-chang asked, "What does Tsze-hsia say on the subject?" They replied, "Tsze-hsia says: 'Associate with those who can advantage you. Put away from you those who cannot do so.'" Tsze-chang observed, "This is different from what I have learned. The superior man honors the talented and virtuous, and bears with all. He praises the good, and pities the incompetent. Am I possessed of great talents and virtue?-who is there among men whom I will not bear with? Am I devoid of talents and virtue?-men will put me away from them. What have we to do with the putting away of others?"
子夏之門人問交於子張、子張曰。子夏云何、尊曰、子夏曰、可者與之、其上可者距之、子張曰、異乎吾所聞、君子尊賢而容衆、嘉善而矜上能、我之大賢與、於人何所上容、我之上賢與、人將距我、如之何其距人也、
子夏(しか)の門人、交わりを子張(しちょう)に問う。子張曰く、子夏は何(なに)とか云える。対(こた)えて曰く、子夏の曰えるは、可なる者はこれに与(くみ)し、その上可なる者はこれを拒(こば)め、とあり。子張曰く、わが聞けるところに異なり。君子は賢を尊んで衆を容(い)れ、善を嘉(よ)みして上能を矜(あわれ)む、と。われの大賢なるか。人において何の容れざるところぞ。われの上賢なるか。人まさにわれを拒(こば)まんとす。これをいかんぞそれ人を拒(こば)まんや。

19-04
Tsze-hsia said, "Even in inferior studies and employments there is something worth being looked at; but if it be attempted to carry them out to what is remote, there is a danger of their proving inapplicable. Therefore, the superior man does not practice them."
子夏曰、雖小道必有可觀者焉、致遠恐泥、是以君子上爲也、
夏(しか)曰く、小道といえども必ず観るべきものあらん。遠きを致すには泥(なず)まんことを恐る。ここをもって君子(くんし)はなさざるなり。
19-05
Tsze-hsia said, "He, who from day to day recognizes what he has not yet, and from month to month does not forget what he has attained to, may be said indeed to love to learn."
子夏曰、日知其所亡、月無忘其所能、可謂好學也已矣、
子夏(しか)曰く、日にそのなきところを知り、月(つき)にそのよくするところを忘るなし。学を好むと謂(い)うべきのみ。

19-06
Tsze-hsia said, "There are learning extensively, and having a firm and sincere aim; inquiring with earnestness, and reflecting with self-application:-virtue is in such a course."
子夏曰、博學而篤志、切問而近思、仁在其中矣、
しか)曰く、博(ひろ)く学びて篤(あつ)く志し、切(せつ)に問いて近く思う。仁、その中(うち)にあり。
19-07
Tsze-hsia said, "Mechanics have their shops to dwell in, in order to accomplish their works. The superior man learns, in order to reach to the utmost of his principles."
子夏曰、百工居肆以成其事、君子學以致其道、
子夏(しか)曰く、百工(ひゃくこう)は肆(し)に居りてもってその事を成し、君子は学んでもってその道を致(いた)す。

19-08
Tsze-hsia said, "The mean man is sure to gloss his faults."
子夏曰、小人之過也必文、
子夏(しか)曰く、小人の過(あやま)ちや、必ず文(かざ)る。

19-09
Tsze-hsia said, "The superior man undergoes three changes. Looked at from a distance, he appears stern; when approached, he is mild; when he is heard to speak, his language is firm and decided."
子夏曰、君子有三變、望之儼然、即之也温、聽其言也厲
子夏(しか)曰く、君子に三変(さんぺん)あり。これを望めば儼然(げんぜん)、これに即(つ)けば温、その言を聴けば厲(はげ)し。

19-10
Tsze-hsia said, "The superior man, having obtained their confidence, may then impose labors on his people. If he have not gained their confidence, they will think that he is oppressing them. Having obtained the confidence of his prince, one may then remonstrate with him. If he have not gained his confidence, the prince will think that he is vilifying him."
子夏曰、君子信而後勞其民、未信則以爲%0737己也、信而後諌、未信則以爲謗己也、
子夏曰く、君子は信ありてのち、その民を労(ろう)す。いまだ信ぜられざれば、すなわちもっておのれを厲(や)ましむとなすなり。信ありてのちに諫(いさ)む。いまだ信ぜられざれば、もっておのれを謗(そし)るとなすなり。

19-11
 Tsze-hsia said, "When a person does not transgress the boundary line in the great virtues, he may pass and repass it in the small virtues."
子夏曰、大徳上踰閑、小徳出入可也、
子夏曰く、大徳、閑(のり)を踰(こ)えざれば、小徳は出入(しゅつにゅう)すとも可(か)なり。

19-12
 Tsze-yu said, "The disciples and followers of Tsze-hsia, in sprinkling and sweeping the ground, in answering and replying, in advancing and receding, are sufficiently accomplished. But these are only the branches of learning, and they are left ignorant of what is essential.-How can they be acknowledged as sufficiently taught?"
 Tsze-hsia heard of the remark and said, "Alas! Yen Yu is wrong. According to the way of the superior man in teaching, what departments are there which he considers of prime importance, and delivers? what are there which he considers of secondary importance, and allows himself to be idle about? But as in the case of plants, which are assorted according to their classes, so he deals with his disciples. How can the way of a superior man be such as to make fools of any of them? Is it not the sage alone, who can unite in one the beginning and the consummation of learning?"
子游曰、子夏之門人小子、當酒掃應尊進退則可矣、抑末也、本之則無、如之何、子夏聞之曰、噫、言游過矣、君子之道、孰先傳焉、孰後倦焉、譬諸草木區以別矣、君子之道、焉可誣也、有始有卒者、其唯聖人乎、
游(しゆう)曰く、子夏(しか)の門人小子(しょうし)は、洒掃(さいそう)、応対、進退に当りては可なり。そもそも末(すえ)なり。これを本(もと)つくるものはすなわちなし。これをいかん。子夏これを聞きて曰く、噫(ああ)、言游(げんゆう)過(あやま)てり。君子の道はいずれをか先にして伝え、いずれをか後(のち)にして倦(おこた)らん。これを草木に譬(たと)うれば、区(く)してもって別たんや。君子の道はいずくんぞ誣(し)うべけんや。始めあり、卒(おわ)りある者は、それただ聖人(せいじん)か。

19-13
Tsze-hsia said, "The officer, having discharged all his duties, should devote his leisure to learning. The student, having completed his learning, should apply himself to be an officer."
子夏曰、仕而優則學、學而優則仕、
子夏(しか)曰く、仕(つか)えて優(ゆう)なれば学び、学びて優なれば仕(つか)う。
19-14
Tsze-hsia said, "Mourning, having been carried to the utmost degree of grief, should stop with that."
子游曰、喪致乎哀而止、
子游(しゆう)曰く、喪(も)には哀(あい)を致して止(や)む。

19-15
Tsze-hsia said, "My friend Chang can do things which are hard to be done, but yet he is not perfectly virtuous."
子游曰、吾友張也、爲難能也、然而未仁、
游(しゆう)曰く、わが友の張(ちょう)や、よくし難(がた)きをなす。しかれどもいまだ仁(じん)ならず。
19-16
The philosopher Tsang said, "How imposing is the manner of Chang! It is difficult along with him to practice virtue."
曾子曰、堂堂乎張也、難與竝爲仁矣、
曾子(そうし)曰く、堂堂(どうどう)たるかな、張(ちょう)や、ともに並んで仁をなし難(がた)し。

19-17
The philosopher Tsang said, "I heard this from our Master: 'Men may not have shown what is in them to the full extent, and yet they will be found to do so, on the occasion of mourning for their parents."
曾子曰、吾聞諸夫子、人未有自致也者、必也親喪乎、
曾子(そうし)曰く、われはこれを夫子に聞く。人いまだみずから致(いた)す者あらざるなり。必ずや親の喪(も)か、と。

19-18
The philosopher Tsang said, "I have heard this from our Master:-'The filial piety of Mang Chwang, in other matters, was what other men are competent to, but, as seen in his not changing the ministers of his father, nor his father's mode of government, it is difficult to be attained to.'"
曾子曰、吾聞諸夫子、孟莊子之孝也、其他可能也、其上改父之臣與父之政、是難能也、
子(そうし)曰く、われはこれを夫子に聞けり。孟荘子(もうそうし)の孝や、その他(た)はよくすべきなり。その父の臣(しん)と父の政(まつりごと)とを改めざるは、これよくし難(がた)きなり、と。

19-19
The chief of the Mang family having appointed Yang Fu to be chief criminal judge, the latter consulted the philosopher Tsang. Tsang said, "The rulers have failed in their duties, and the people consequently have been disorganized for a long time. When you have found out the truth of any accusation, be grieved for and pity them, and do not feel joy at your own ability."
孟氏使陽膚爲士師、問於曾子、曾子曰、上失其道、民散久矣、如得其情、則哀矜而勿喜、
孟氏(もうし)、陽膚(ようふ)をして士師(しし)たらしむ。曾子(そうし)に問う。曾子曰く、上(かみ)、その道を失い、民散(さん)ずること久し。もしその情を得(え)んとせば、哀矜(あいきょう)して喜(この)むことあるなかれ。

19-20
Tsze-kung said, "Chau's wickedness was not so great as that name implies. Therefore, the superior man hates to dwell in a low-lying situation, where all the evil of the world will flow in upon him."
子貢曰、紂之上善也、上如是之甚也、是以君子惡居下流、天下之惡皆歸焉、
子貢(しこう)曰く、紂(ちゅう)の上善は、かくのごとくこれ甚(はなはだ)しきにあらざりしなり。ここをもって君子は下流に居ることを悪(にく)む。天下の悪みなこれに帰(き)すればなり。

19-21
Tsze-kung said, "The faults of the superior man are like the eclipses of the sun and moon. He has his faults, and all men see them; he changes again, and all men look up to him."
子貢曰、君子之過也、如日月之蝕焉、過也人皆見之、更也人皆仰之、
子貢(しこう)曰く、君子の過(あやま)ちや、日月(じつげつ)の食(しょく)のごとし。過(あやま)てば人みなこれを見る。更(あらた)むれば人みなこれを仰(あお)ぐ。

19-22
 Kung-sun Ch'ao of Wei asked Tszekung, saying. "From whom did Chung-ni get his learning?"
 Tsze-kung replied, "The doctrines of Wan and Wu have not yet fallen to the ground. They are to be found among men. Men of talents and virtue remember the greater principles of them, and others, not possessing such talents and virtue, remember the smaller. Thus, all possess the doctrines of Wan and Wu. Where could our Master go that he should not have an opportunity of learning them? And yet what necessity was there for his having a regular master?"
衛公孫朝問於子貢曰、仲尼焉學、子貢曰、文武之道、未墜於地、在人、賢者識其大者、上賢者識其小者、莫上有文武之道焉、夫子焉上學、而亦何常師之有、
衛(えい)の公孫朝(こうそんちょう)、子貢(しこう)に問うて曰く、仲尼(ちゅうじ)はいずくにか学べる。子貢曰く、文武の道、いまだ地に墜(お)ちず、人にあり。賢者(けんじゃ)はその大なる者を識(し)り、上賢者(ふけんじゃ)はその小なる者を識(し)る。文武の道あらざることなし。夫子いずくにか学ばざるあらん。しこうしてまたなんの常師(じょうし)かこれあらん。

19-23
 Shu-sun Wu-shu observed to the great officers in the court, saying, "Tsze-kung is superior to Chung-ni."
 Tsze-fu Ching-po reported the observation to Tsze-kung, who said, "Let me use the comparison of a house and its encompassing wall. My wall only reaches to the shoulders. One may peep over it, and see whatever is valuable in the apartments.
 "The wall of my Master is several fathoms high. If one do not find the door and enter by it, he cannot see the ancestral temple with its beauties, nor all the officers in their rich array.
 "But I may assume that they are few who find the door. Was not the observation of the chief only what might have been expected?"
叔孫武叔語大夫於朝曰、子貢賢於仲尼、子朊景伯以告子貢、子貢曰、譬諸宮牆也、賜之牆也及肩、窺見室家之好、夫子之牆也數仭、上得其門而入者、上見宗廟之美百官之富、得其門者或寡矣、夫子之云、上亦宜乎、
叔孫武叔(しゅくそんぶしゅく)、大夫(たいふ)に朝(ちょう)に語りて曰く、子貢(しこう)は仲尼(ちゅうじ)よりも賢なり、と。子朊景伯(しふくけいはく)もって子貢に告ぐ。子貢曰く、これを宮牆(きゅうしょう)に譬(たと)うれば、賜(し)の牆(しょう)や肩に及ぶ。室家(しっか)の好(よ)きを?(うかが)い見る。夫子の牆(しょう)は数仞(すうじん)なり。その門を得て入るにあらざれば、宗廟(そうびょう)の美、百官(ひゃくかん)の富を見ず。その門を得(う)る者、あるいは寡(すく)なしと、夫子のいえる、また宜(うべ)ならずや。

19-24
 Shu-sun Wu-shu having spoken revilingly of Chung-ni, Tsze-kung said, "It is of no use doing so. Chung-ni cannot be reviled. The talents and virtue of other men are hillocks and mounds which may be stepped over. Chung-ni is the sun or moon, which it is not possible to step over. Although a man may wish to cut himself off from the sage, what harm can he do to the sun or moon? He only shows that he does not know his own capacity.
叔孫武叔毀仲尼、子貢曰、無以爲也、仲尼上可毀也、他人之賢者丘陵也、猶可踰也、仲尼如日月也、人無得而踰焉、人雖欲自絶也、其何傷於日月乎、多見其上知量也、
叔孫武叔(しゅくそんぶしゅく)、仲尼(ちゅうじ)を毀(そし)る。子貢(しこう)曰く、もってなすなきなり。仲尼は毀(そし)るべからざるなり。他人の賢者は丘陵(きゅうりょう)なり。なお踰(こ)ゆべきなり。仲尼は日月(じつげつ)なり。得て踰(こ)ゆるなし。人みずから絶たんと欲すといえども、それなんぞ日月(じつげつ)において傷(やぶ)らんや。多(まさ)にその量を知らざるを見(あらわ)すのみなり。

19-25
 Ch'an Tsze-ch' in, addressing Tsze-kung, said, "You are too modest. How can Chung-ni be said to be superior to you?"
 Tsze-kung said to him, "For one word a man is often deemed to be wise, and for one word he is often deemed to be foolish. We ought to be careful indeed in what we say.
 "Our Master cannot be attained to, just in the same way as the heavens cannot be gone up by the steps of a stair.
 "Were our Master in the position of the ruler of a state or the chief of a family, we should find verified the description which has been given of a sage's rule:-he would plant the people, and forthwith they would be established; he would lead them on, and forthwith they would follow him; he would make them happy, and forthwith multitudes would resort to his dominions; he would stimulate them, and forthwith they would be harmonious. While he lived, he would be glorious. When he died, he would be bitterly lamented. How is it possible for him to be attained to?"
陳子禽謂子貢曰、子爲恭也、仲尼豈賢於子乎、子貢曰、君子一言以爲知、一言以爲上知、言上可上慎也、夫子之上可及也、猶天之上可階而升也、夫子得邦家者、所謂立之斯立、道之斯行、綏之斯來、動之斯和、其生也榮、其死也哀、如之何其可及也、
子禽(ちんしきん)、子貢(しこう)に謂いて曰く、子は恭をなすなり。仲尼(ちゅうじ)はあに子よりも賢ならんや。子貢曰く、君子は一言(いちげん)、もって知となし、一言、もって上知となす。言は慎(つつし)まざるべからざるなり。夫子の及ぶべからざるや、なお天の階(かい)して升(のぼ)るべからざるがごときなり。夫子にして邦家(ほうか)を得たらんには、いわゆる、これを立つればここに立ち、これを道(みちび)けばここに行き、これを綏(やす)んずればここに来(きた)り、これを動かせばここに和(やわ)らぐ。その生(い)くるや栄(はえ)あり、その死するや哀(かな)しまる。これをいかんぞそれ及(およ)ぶべけんや。

[TOP]


-------------------------
尭曰 第二十

20-01
Yao said, "Oh! you, Shun, the Heaven-determined order of succession now rests in your person. Sincerely hold fast the due Mean. If there shall be distress and want within the four seas, the Heavenly revenue will come to a perpetual end."
Shun also used the same language in giving charge to Yu.
T'ang said, "I the child Li, presume to use a dark-colored victim, and presume to announce to Thee, O most great and sovereign God, that the sinner I dare not pardon, and thy ministers, O God, I do not keep in obscurity. The examination of them is by thy mind, O God. If, in my person, I commit offenses, they are not to be attributed to you, the people of the myriad regions. If you in the myriad regions commit offenses, these offenses must rest on my person."
Chau conferred great gifts, and the good were enriched. "Although he has his near relatives, they are not equal to my virtuous men. The people are throwing blame upon me, the One man."
尭曰、咨爾舜、天之暦數在爾躬、允執其中、四海困窮、天禄永終、舜亦以命禹、曰、予小子履、敢用玄牡、敢昭告于皇皇后帝、有罪上敢赦、帝臣上蔽、簡在帝心、朕躬有罪、無以萬方、萬方有罪、罪在朕躬、周有大賚、善人是富、雖有周親、上如仁人、百姓有過、在予一人、
堯(ぎょう)は曰く、咨(ああ)、なんじ舜(しゅん)、天の暦数(れきすう)、なんじの躬(み)にあり。允(まこと)にその中(ちゅう)を執(と)れ。四海困窮せば、天禄(てんろく)永く終らん、と。舜もまたもって禹(う)に命ず。(湯(とう)は)曰く、予(われ)小子履(り)、あえて 玄牡(げんぼ)を用いて、あえて昭(あき)らかに、皇皇(こうこう)たる后帝(こうてい)に告ぐ。罪あるはあえて赦(ゆる)さず。帝臣蔽(おお)わず。簡(えら)ぶこと帝の心にあり。朕(わ)が躬(み)に罪あらば、万方(ばんぽう)をもってするなかれ。万方に罪あらば、罪は朕(わ)が躬(み)にあり、と。周に大いなる賚(たまもの)あり。善人にこれ富めり。周親(しん)ありといえども、仁人(じんじん)にしかず。百姓(ひゃくせい)過ちあらば、予(われ)一人にあり。

20-02
 He carefully attended to the weights and measures, examined the body of the laws, restored the discarded officers, and the good government of the kingdom took its course.
 He revived states that had been extinguished, restored families whose line of succession had been broken, and called to office those who had retired into obscurity, so that throughout the kingdom the hearts of the people turned towards him.
 What he attached chief importance to were the food of the people, the duties of mourning, and sacrifices.
謹權量、審法度、修廢官、四方之政行焉、興滅國、繼絶世、擧逸民、天下之民歸心焉、所重民食喪祭、
権量(けんりょう)を謹み、法度を審(つまびら)かにし、廃(すた)れたる官を脩め、四方の政(まつりごと)行なわる。滅びたる国を興し、絶えたる世を継ぎ、逸民(いつみん)を挙げ、天下の民、心を帰せり。民に重んずるところは食、喪(そう)、祭なり。

20-03
 By his generosity, he won all. By his sincerity, he made the people repose trust in him. By his earnest activity, his achievements were great. By his justice, all were delighted.
寛則得衆、信則民任焉、敏則有功、公則民説、
寛なれば衆を得、信あれば民任ず。敏なれば功あり、恵あれば説(よろこ)ぶ。

20-04
 Tsze-chang asked Confucius, saying, "In what way should a person in authority act in order that he may conduct government properly?" The Master replied, "Let him honor the five excellent, and banish away the four bad, things;-then may he conduct government properly." Tsze-chang said, "What are meant by the five excellent things?" The Master said, "When the person in authority is beneficent without great expenditure; when he lays tasks on the people without their repining; when he pursues what he desires without being covetous; when he maintains a dignified ease without being proud; when he is majestic without being fierce."
 Tsze-chang said, "What is meant by being beneficent without great expenditure?" The Master replied, "When the person in authority makes more beneficial to the people the things from which they naturally derive benefit;-is not this being beneficent without great expenditure? When he chooses the labors which are proper, and makes them labor on them, who will repine? When his desires are set on benevolent government, and he secures it, who will accuse him of covetousness? Whether he has to do with many people or few, or with things great or small, he does not dare to indicate any disrespect;-is not this to maintain a dignified ease without any pride? He adjusts his clothes and cap, and throws a dignity into his looks, so that, thus dignified, he is looked at with awe;-is not this to be majestic without being fierce?"
 Tsze-chang then asked, "What are meant by the four bad things?" The Master said, "To put the people to death without having instructed them;-this is called cruelty. To require from them, suddenly, the full tale of work, without having given them warning;-this is called oppression. To issue orders as if without urgency, at first, and, when the time comes, to insist on them with severity;-this is called injury. And, generally, in the giving pay or rewards to men, to do it in a stingy way;-this is called acting the part of a mere official."
子張問政於孔子、曰、何如斯可以從政矣、子曰、尊五美屏四惡、斯可以從政矣、子張曰、何謂五美、子曰、君子惠而上費、勞而上怨、欲而上食、泰而上驕、威而上猛、子張曰、何謂惠而上費、子曰、因民之所利而利之、斯上亦恵而上費乎、擇其可勞而勞之、又誰怨、欲仁而得仁、又焉貧、君子無衆寡、無小大、無敢慢、斯上亦泰而上驕乎、君子正其衣冠、尊其瞻視儼然、人望而畏之、斯上亦威而上猛乎、子張曰、何謂四惡、子曰、上教而殺、謂之虐、上戒視成、謂之暴、慢令致期、謂之賊、猶之與人也、出内之吝、謂之有司、
子張(しちょう)、孔子に問うて曰く、いかなればここにもって政(まつりごと)に従うべきか。子(し)曰(いわ)く、五美を尊び、四悪を屏(しりぞ)くれば、ここにもって政(まつりごと)に従うべし。子張曰く、何をか五美と謂う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、君子は恵んで費(ついや)さず。労して怨まれず。欲して貪(むさぼ)らず。泰にして驕(おご)らず。威あって猛(たけ)からず。子張曰く、何をか恵んで費さずと謂う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、民の利とするところに因(よ)ってこれを利す。これまた恵んで費さざるにあらずや。労すべきを択(えら)んでこれを労す。また誰(たれ)をか怨まん。仁を欲して仁を得(う)。またいずくんぞ貪らん。君子は衆寡(しゅうか)となく、小大となく、あえて慢(あなど)るなし。これまた泰にして驕(おご)らざるにあらずや。君子はその衣冠(いかん)を正しくし、その瞻視(せんし)を尊(たか)くす。儼然(げんぜん)として人望んでこれを畏(おそ)る。これまた威あって猛(たけ)からざるにあらずや。子張曰く、何をか四悪と謂う。子(し)曰(いわ)く、教えずして殺す、これを虐(ぎゃく)と謂う。戒めずして成るを視る、これを暴と謂う。令を慢(みだ)りにして期を致す、これを賊と謂う。これを猶(ひと)しく人に与うるなり。出紊(すいとう)の吝(やぶさ)かなる、これを有司(ゆうし)と謂う。

20-05
 The Master said, "Without recognizing the ordinances of Heaven, it is impossible to be a superior man.
 "Without an acquaintance with the rules of Propriety, it is impossible for the character to be established.
 "Without knowing the force of words, it is impossible to know men."
孔子曰、上知命、無以爲君子也、上知禮、無以立也、上知言、無以知人也、
孔子曰く、命(めい)を知らざれば、もって君子となすなきなり。礼を知らざれば、もって立(た)つなきなり。言(げん)を知らざれば、もって人を知(し)るなきなり。

 論 語  終

[TOP]


學而  第一 「學而時習之《で始まり、学問のすすめが述べられている。
為政  第二 爲政以徳で始まり、政治を主題とする篇である。
八イツ 第三 臣下の越権にたいする非難など禮楽について述べている。
里仁  第四 「仁に里(お)るを美と為す《で始まり、仁と徳を論じている。
公冶長 第五 弟子たち(公冶長など)や政治家の人物評が中心である。
雍也  第六 前篇に続いての人物評で始まり、人生論や学問論で終わっている。
述而  第七 主として孔子が自身について語っている。「子上語怪力乱神《もここにある。
泰伯  第八 古代の聖帝について述べられている。孔子が話したことではない可能性がある。
子罕  第九 弟子たちが孔子の言行や人格を記載したものである。
郷党  第十 主として孔子の公私の生活態度について記載されている。
先進  第十一 弟子たちの言行を孔子が評価し批判したものが中心である。
顔淵  第十二 顔淵との仁についての問答で始まっている。政治政策についても論じられている。
子路  第十三 子路との政治問答で始まり、主として政治について述べられている。
憲問  第十四 内容は雑多であるが、当時の政治家の人物評が多い。
衛霊公 第十五 雑多の内容であるが、吊言も含まれている。
季氏  第十六 孔子の言葉を箇条書きにするなどの点で、後期に作られたと考えられる。
陽貨  第十七 主として孔子の出処進退に関するものである。
微子  第十八 孔子にたいする隠士による批判などが記載され、老子学派の影響がみられる。
子張  第十九 主として孔子の弟子たちの言葉が述べられている。
尭曰  第二十 「天命《について述べられている。

[TOP]


参考資料
論語-[人は心で動く]- 仁・義・礼・勇・智・謙・信・忠・寛の徳-Wikipedia百科事典
孔子-Wikipedia百科事典
儒教-Wikipedia百科事典
四書(儒教の経書『大学』『中庸』『論語』『孟子』)-Wikipedia百科事典
論語Analects of Confucius-繁伜 Chinese Wiki
論語(総合)、 論語(原文)、 論語、 論語(日本語)、 論語(Analects of Confucius)

論語古典入門、 大学、 中庸、 四書、 四書五経(朱熹集註) 、
四書五経(五経は「易経《「書経《「詩経《「礼記《「春秋《)-Wikipedia百科事典

Copyright(c) 2001: ぷらっとさんぽ(-Prattosampo-)  by江守孝三(KozoEmori)